Californias Direct Means of Democracy Essay - 1336 Words

California is a democratic republic consisting of three branches of government. The first is the executive branch, i.e. the governor and a group of elected constitutional officers. Second is the judicial branch which consists of the Supreme Court of California and the various local courts. Officials are appointed by the Governor and ratified in the next general election. The third branch of government in California is the legislative branch. It is a bicameral body which includes California’s Senate and Assembly. The Assembly makes up the lower house of the California State Legislature and consists of eighty members, one representative from each county, who serve for up to three two year terms. There are forty state senators who are able†¦show more content†¦In 1910, California Progressive Party member Hiram Johnson ran for governor. â€Å"Restore absolute sovereignty to the people that we may yet live in a free republic† was his slogan. In years prior to the election Californians began to notice a trend in their state government. Californians were not being represented properly by the legislature (Kesler). This is a reflection of California at the time. The gold rush had brought massive amounts of people into the state. This led to an unprecedented opportunity for new business. The Southern Pacific Railroad among other big business infiltrated politics and corruption followed for decades. Law makers passed laws which benefited them. The Progressives sought to give the people greater say in making and dismantling legislation. In doing so the Legislative branch lost power. To accomplish their goal in 1911 they enacted the ballot measures in order for citizens to bypass legislature approval and have a measure placed on the ballot. An initiative is a proposal for a new law that allows any citizen or organization to gather a state defined amount of citizen signatures to qualify. Another ballot measure enacted by the Progressives is a popular eferendum. This allows citizens to create a ballot measure to repeal a specific legislative act by gaining a predetermined number of signatures. â€Å"Voters ratified these amendments in a special election of October 10, 1911† (Initiative Reform Institute). Since their enactment,Show MoreRelatedThe Current Realities Of Poverty And Homeliness1155 Words   |  5 Pagesexplains it, poverty did not trade one location for the other but instead affected both cities and suburbs as it grew. Second, given the much larger size of suburbia— its population is more than double that of cities—â€Å"keeping pace† on the poverty rate means that the suburban poor population expanded by a much greater margin than the poor population in cities (20). Poverty simply kept pace with the migration from the metropolitan core to the suburbs. The economic realities that creates the rise in povertyRead MoreWhat It Means To Be A Citizen1010 Words   |  5 PagesWhat does it mean to be a citizen? To the ancient Greeks, a private—uninformed—person was not considered complete, and they were â€Å"referred to as an idiÃ… tÄ“s† (Ginsberg et al. 9). Part of the reason why political opinions vary so far from person to person is in part due to the amount of political knowledge that each individual has. A person who stays informed on current political events weekly by reading newspaper articles will be able to understand our current government structure better than someoneRead MoreThe American Voting System1427 Words   |  6 PagesThe American voting system is one of the basic pillars of democracy in this country; American citizens benefit from having a direct relationship with their government and the people who serve the country within it. However, there is a major flaw that prevents the American votin g system from achieving its highest level of greatness: the Electoral College. The Electoral College refers to the process in which the President and Vice-President are elected and it assigns â€Å"electors† to each state basedRead MorePresidential Election Of 2000 : George W. Bush1516 Words   |  7 Pagesduring elections in American government. This is a misconstrued idea of the topic. The number of electoral votes is based on your states population which means states with higher population have the same percentage of higher votes however what this does do is leave out every voter that is in the minority in your state. Say during an election California’s population was to be split 47% vs. 53% the side with 53% would get 55 votes while 47% of the state’s vote wouldn’t matter. If the U.S. was based on theRead MoreCalifornia Proposition 131368 Words   |  6 PagesHow Does Proposition 13 Affect California’s Economy? In 1994, Money Magazine published an article that portrayed the way through which Proposition 13 ruined the economy of California. The article claimed that the snowballing effects of Proposition 13 led to the reduction in family incomes, the loss of around 600,000 jobs, and the recession in the 90s (Cashill, 2007). According to the article, the proposition had a huge impact on the poor performance of California’s economy. Reducing family incomesRead MoreCalifornia s Statutory Prohibit Marriage949 Words   |  4 PagesQUESTION PRESENTED 1) Whether California’s statutory prohibit marriage between two persons of the same sex violate the California Constitution by denying equal protection of laws to gay, bi-sexual, lesbians and transgender a right to marry, or by denying the right to privacy and freedom of expression? BRIEF ANSWER No. Because the Constitution was written for a man and a woman to marry based on religion and would be a direct violation of what we have been taught all of our lives. Such a profoundRead MoreHistory and Purpose of the US Constitution Essay1092 Words   |  5 Pagesas plays an important role in how American democracy and government works. The 13 original states were individual colonies before independence in 1777, they adopted a federalist system and for 13 years they were independent units under the Articles of Confederation. Under Article II of the Articles of Confederation, â€Å"each state retains its sovereignty, freedom and independence, and every Power, jurisdiction and right†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lowi, 2007, pg. 22). As a direct result the states had retained too much powerRead MoreIs Too Much Initiative A Bad Thing?2238 Words   |  9 Pages Is Too Much Initiative A Bad Thing?: The Benefits of Using Direct Democracy at the State Level and How We Can Make It Better Sarah Millard June 2, 2015 POSC 171 Dr. Collingwoodâ€Æ' At what point do you pronounce democracy dead? Is it dead only if a totalitarian regime takes control, or could democracy be pronounced dead when it simply has become so watered-down that the public’s participation in political activity is merely tradition or purely for aesthetics? On August 8, 1911, theRead MorePresident of the United States and Civil Liberties Essay3182 Words   |  13 PagesWomens Suffrage -Gives women the power to vote - Amendment XXVI- Suffrage for 18-Year-Olds- Voting age moved to 18 2. Drawing upon your understanding of the essential functions of legislatures, as well as the basic characteristics of California’s State legislature, as presented in Matthew Jarvis’s chapter on the California State legislature in California Government in National Perspective, explain the most important similarities and differences between the U.S. Congress and the CaliforniaRead MoreDemocracy Derailed Essay2317 Words   |  10 PagesDemocracy Derailed looks at the initiative process, the effects of that process and asked the question, Is this a good way to make public policy? I feel that even though the process is not perfect it is a great way to allow the average citizen more power in policy making. The History Democracy Derailed begins with addressing the evolution of the initiative process. During the first twenty years in Plymouth Colonies, all adult men met to consider legislation. In 1715, Massachusetts had

Essay The Issue of World Manipulation to Change Opinions

The issue of word manipulation has always been around since the dawn of spoken language. It is caused by there being more than one word to pick from to describe one thing or situation. Some people have been interested in this topic because there are always new developments in the linguistics of common and uncommon tongue. Mostly scholars and public speakers are the ones who study how selective word choice can influence and change opinions on subjects because it can help them to obtain the reaction they are working towards in their speech or paper. One side that people may take is that controlling the word flow and decisively choosing words is a good thing and that it can separate different situations and atmospheres into the right place†¦show more content†¦The Effects of Sentence-Level Context, Prior Word Knowledge, and Need for Cognition on Information Processing of Technical Language In Print Ads is an article that covers a study of how assumed knowledge can effect people when coming to a conclusion or making a decision about something. The authors explain that not having prior knowledge to the specific field usage of certain vocabulary may dissuade a potential customer. When Reasoning is Wrong but Persuasive is an article that is disputing another, although the author agrees with it, there are key points in where he distinguishes the differences in what he claims is right and what the article claims as correct. He explains that just because something sounds good or impressive does not mean that it is okay to believe or that it is true. This would help with the view of wanting to cut down the available vocabulary. Views 1 and 3 are completely opposing one another. View 2 is a combination of the opposing sides. View 1 mainly wants to expand the common language vocabulary to include everyone in the knowledge of the thousands of words within a language. View 3 would like to cut out many of the words not a lot of people use in daily life to remove the n eed for them as they aren’t used. View 2 includes both sides, want to expand common knowledge vocabulary to useful words but also taking out a few here and there because they aren’t of high importance. Certain people from eachShow MoreRelatedSleep Donation By Karen Russel1166 Words   |  5 Pagesspeech or opinion often comes with a lack of comfort felt by one side of a situation. When thinking of the importance of speech and opinions, I realized that they are the foundation of this country. America values opinions and base their leadership off of such. The disappearance and silencing of these opinions would drastically change the nation. The novella Sleep Donation by Karen Russel parallels these issues, such as silencing and the shadowing of opinions, that are occurring in today s world. TheRead MoreDue To The Extensive Amount Of Harm That Photo Manipulation1731 Words   |  7 Pages Due to the extensive amount of harm that photo manipulation causes, it is an ethical issue. Digital photo manipulation in women causes widespread harm, long-lasting damage to women s self-esteem and other negative psychological thought processes. Research has also found that it causes a large number of eating disorders. It does this by making women chase the ideal, thin body image that is being portrayed in the different pictures and advertisements. There was a study done that examined both theRead MoreThe Media And Its Influence On Politics1643 Words   |  7 PagesIn a reasonable world we expect that all sources of media will gather different acts and situations and broadcast it fairly, and responsively. Each individual relies on the media in order to receive information daily. The question raised in this essay is â€Å"Has the media shown news accurately, fairly or even completely?† And â€Å"How has it brought down the economy†. Throughout this essay I will look in to the media and its influences that it has on politics, Its Government and the economy that surroundsRead MoreDiscussion of Whether Gattaca Portrays A Realistic View Of The Future And Gene Manipulation1532 Words   |  7 PagesFuture And Gene Manipulation Media. It controls a lot of what we think, what we believe and so changes our attitude and behaviour towards certain things. It has changed our thinking so much so that we believe almost anything and everything the media say and do. Without the media, life would not be as it is. Newspapers, magazines, television, internet, radio, the lot have very much altered our thinking. Lately, there have been many talks on the issues regarding genetic Read MoreIntroduction. In A Recent Article, New York Times Writer1653 Words   |  7 PagesS. economy. There are three criteria for a country to be considered as a currency manipulator, and China only follows one: â€Å"It must have a significant surplus with the United States.† This surplus is large at $350 billion, but with the rest of the world it’s only 2.4% of China’s GDP. Therefore, the majority of economists no longer consider China to be a currency manipulator. But in the past, China did fit this criteria. From 2000 to 2014, China suppressed its currency in order to increase the demandRead MoreLemmings of the Media Essay1205 Words   |  5 PagesWhen we acquire new knowledge, and interpret it within our minds, we begin to develop our own ideals and our own opinions. When we begin to put together each individuals ideals and opinions together in relation to politics we arrive to the concept of public opinion. Public opinion is peoples evaluations and understanding of politics in general and their views on specific political issues of the day. Being able to develop our own ideas and obtain our knowledge freely is a major part of what drivesRead MorePhotographic Truth in the Digital Era Essay774 Words   |  4 Pagesno less than 500 words): According to James Brooks, â€Å"the manipulation of meaning to assure an audience would destroy the reality of the work and debase the concept of communication.† The essay will examine how images are used nowadays in media to influence people’s opinions rather than only for artistic purposes. We are constantly surrounded by advertising. The main power of the images is prominent in advertising where experts change images so that they no longer reflect the truth leading toRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On American Society1640 Words   |  7 PagesWestern Civilization Since 1715 November 2, 2017 It is no mystery that 9/11 brought upon change in American society. The lasting effects of this unforgiving event, such as, the ongoing wars, the severity of immigration and deportation laws, and the increase in racial profiling, continues to disrupt American society. This brings up an important question: Why are these still lasting issues in our world today? The key answer to this question is simple: the media. Ever since 9/11, the media has hadRead MoreTackling Environmental Problems Today Is More Difficult997 Words   |  4 PagesWith the world forever changing politicians are chosen by the populace to make decisions based on the needs of the people. Current political gridlock in this nation has made it extremely difficult to pass legislation pertain to the economy, workforce and health. While these items are discussed daily by political pundits one issue that equally important is usually placed on the backburner due to political posturing the health of the planet. â€Å"Tacklin g environmental problems today is more difficultRead MoreIs Genetic Engineering Be A Rising Controversial Issue?1407 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic engineering has become a rising controversial issue in the world today because of its possible positive uses but further more its likely serious consequences and downsides. To understand the controversy we must first understand exactly what human genetic engineering is. Genetic engineering is the manipulation of the human genome to alter or get rid of undesirable genes; these include negative physical traits along with health related genetic problems such as disease and disability. Potentially

Children’s Play and the Playwork Environment free essay sample

The first assumption is that: children’s play is freely chosen, personally directed behaviour, motivated from within; through play, the child explores the world and her or his relationship with it, elaborating all the while a flexible range of responses to the challenges she or he encounters; by playing, the child learns and develops as an individual†. [Playwork Level 3 Penny Tassoni] There has been less focus on playing for playing sake and how this is fundamentally important for children so they have the choice to learn to take risks, to find things out for themselves and to have fun. Evolutionary playwork and reflective analytic Bob Hughes] Play and play opportunities can benefit the development of children in many ways. Children learn through social interaction. The correct play setting can provide limitless opportunities for development in a fun and safe environment. By allowing the children to be involved in as many aspects as possible of the running of the club, we can provide them with such opportunities. An example is allowing children to choose what games they play. This helps children to understand freedom of choice, the need for rules and respect for rules. It also encourages interaction with other children, play workers and the play environment. Children of different age groups and abilities require different forms of activities as they are at different stages development. Younger children between the ages of 5 and 8 tend to enjoy the attention of play workers more. They have reassurance that they are acting correctly and feel safer with some form of adult presence. Children of this age sometimes need a play cue or some coaxing or encouragement to interact with others. This social interaction is very important and provides the foundation skills necessary for concepts such as sharing, cooperation, loyalty and consideration for others. Older children require different forms of stimulation for development. For example, an older child playing on a swing does not need someone to push him or her, and this non requirement for assistance in turn makes the child feel more independent. It helps to build confidence which in turn aids self expression. A simple card game like pairs demonstrates how different age groups benefit from play differently. Pairs helps memory improvement through all age groups. The younger children benefit by mastering simple skills like possibilities and identifying shapes and numbers. Children aged between 9 and 11 would have mastered such skills and tend to play such a game more competitively. This encourages faster physical reactions and responding to the actions of others. Children aged between 12 and 15 tend to find this game very easy but can benefit by playing with younger children as they pass their knowledge and skills down. It teaches them to support younger ones and help in their development; it also helps the older child’s confidence, self-esteem and self-reliance. â€Å"Play should empower children, affirm and support their right to make choices, discover their own solution, to play and develop at their own pace and in their own way†. [Playwork Level 3 Penny Tassoni] We offer a large range of creative activities from painting, to music, to drama, because the children enjoy using their imagination to express their feelings and emotions. This helps them develop hand to eye coordination, motor and manipulative skills, locomotive skills and general coordination. The second assumption is that whereas children may play without encouragement or help, adults can, through the provision of an appropriate human and physical environment significantly enhance opportunities for the child play creatively and thus develop through play†. [Playwork level 3 Penny Tassoni] Children choose to play by themselves and some children need to be encouraged because they are learning to be independent. Having the children understands and identifies their emotions and showing others their feelings helps the child to identify other children emotions and reactions. This helps the child to become more confident and independent. So the children feel able to approach others and understand individual behaviour and feelings. E3 Describe the features of a child centred play environment â€Å"Play should offer the child opportunities to extend her or his exploration and understanding of the wider world and therefore physical, social and cultural settings beyond their immediate experience†. [Playwork level 3 Penny Tassoni] â€Å"Young children construct understandings of gender during the preschool years. They accurately apply common gender stereotypes to toys by the time they are three and readily predict their parents opinions about gender-typical and cross-gender play. This study involved 3- and 5-year-old children in identifying girl toys and boy toys. It also asked them to predict their parents reactions to their choices of gender-specific toys. These childrens parents were surveyed in an effort to describe their preferences about gender-specific toys and behaviours. Responses indicated that, in spite of evidence that many of these parents reject common gender stereotypes, their children predicted parents would consistently apply these stereotypes as reflected by their approval or disapproval of childrens choices to play with gender stereotyped or cross-gender toys. The mis-match between parents self-described beliefs and childrens perceptions of the messages they have received about genderized play are discussed†. [Early childhood education journal April 2007, Nancy Freeman] A child centred play environment is a place where children feel safe and can play without fear of other children and adults. It is a place where children can test themselves with new challenges, explore, experiment, take risks and find opportunities. The space should be colourful and friendly so the children feel comfortable to move around freely. The children have a place to display their art work and write their comments so they can express their feelings about their space and what they want in their setting, activities and new games. We move all the games and tables around the space to give the children more movement and change the feeling of the surroundings. We have outside space so the children can play different games like football, tennis and basket ball and we also have trees so the children can play hide and seek and play with the natural environment. We also have a garden so the children can learn about plants and insects and do some gardening. Having a play space specially designed for children, with disabled access and children friendly is very important because you want all the children to feel safe and meet all the children’s needs. The play space has toilets designed for children and disabled toilets so the children feel confident to go without an adult. Tables and chairs should be the right size so the children can reach everything. It can be dangerous if the child is using the wrong size table and chair because the child can fall off. The video games have to be in the right age range so the child would not be playing with games which have inappropriate content. Having colourful, specially designed equipment for the disabled children so they feel part of the group is also important. There should be non- toxic products so children can hold and feel different textiles and smells. Some children may put objects in their mouth so all the objects have to be stored appropriately. Cooking with the right tools and making sure all the children can eat the ingredients; we would make sure the children have a signed consent form for their special dietary needs. We also have a cooking list so the children can suggest what they want to cook in the future and decide what fruit they want. E4 Describe ways children are consulted and involved in planning the play environment At the start of the new term all the children and staff sit down with magazines and catalogues to make a shopping list of what the children want in their club. We use drawings; paintings and video interview the children so the child can explain what they feel about the club and what we need to improve the play environment. This is very good for funding applications because the sponsors can see what is needed and why, from the point of view of a child. The children help us fundraise because it is their club and we find they have more respect for the equipment because the children learn that it is very hard to raise money for equipment. We also find that parents can often have connections which can assist in fundraising. We like to involve children in funding because we feel it builds a stronger case for why we need the money and how we are going to spend the money on things the children want and not on things we think the children want. The children enjoy the responsibility of budgeting and spending of the money and it gives them empowerment. We find this way helps us buy the right equipment and find out the new trends in games and toys. The children cut out the things they want and write why we should buy it. We give the children a budget then the children make a list of what we can buy within the budget. The children can use catalogues and internet to find the best price before we purchase the goods. With the cooking the children make a list of what they would like to cook and what is in season, for example, we would make soup in the winter and ice cream in the summer. All the cooking has to have fruit or vegetables to meet our 5 fruit and vegetable needs. In the summer we have fun days, we make a list of all the activities and the children choose 5 from the list. The top 5 activities are put forward and we have an open booking day so the children choose what activities they want to do, for example, going cinema, and bowling, ice skating, swimming and camping. â€Å"Parents need to play an important role in early intervention services to have a significant effect on childrens developmental and social-emotional well-being. With some exceptions, the field of early intervention has failed to engage parents as active and primary mediators of the developmental services their children receive. This failure is incompatible both with the developmental theories on which early intervention services are based, as well as the substantially greater number of opportunities parents have to influence childrens learning and development compared with school personnel and intervention specialists. Furthermore, an increasing body of empirical evidence has identified parent involvement as a critical ingredient of effective developmental intervention. Theory and research findings demand that early intervention change practices related to parent involvement.

Was John D. Rockefeller A Robber Baron Essays - Rockefeller Family

Was John D. Rockefeller A Robber Baron? PART ONE - Issue #2: Was John D. Rockefeller a Robber Baron? A robber baron was someone who employed any means necessary to enrich themselves at the expense of their competitors. Did John D. Rockefeller fall into that category or was he one of the captains of industry, whose shrewd and innovative leadership brought order out of industrial chaos and generated great fortunes that enriched the public welfare through the workings of various philanthropic agencies that these leaders established? In the early 1860s Rockefeller was the founder of the Standard Oil Company, who came to epitomize both the success and excess of corporate capitalism. His company was based in northwestern Pennsylvania. A major question historians have disagreed on has been whether or not John D. Rockefeller was a so-called robber baron. Matthew Josephson agreed that Rockefeller was indeed a robber baron. In the book Taking Sides, He claims that Rockefeller was a deceptive and conspiratorial businessman, whose fortune was built by secret agreements and wrung concessions from Americas leading railroad companies (Taking Sides 25). When John D. Rockefeller merged with the railroad companies, he had gained control of a strategic transportation route that no other companies would be able to use. Rockefeller would then be able to force the hand on the railroads and was granted a rebate on his shipments of oil. This was a kind of secret agreement between the two industries. None of the competition knew what the rates were for the rebates or the rates that Rockefeller was paying the railroad. This made it hard for the competition to keep up with the Standard Oil Company. The consequences led to many oil companies getting bought out by Rockefeller secretly. All in all, 25 companies surrendered to Rockefellers relentless expansion, which was 20% of the oil industry in America. John D. Rockefeller and his comrades had stolen a long march on their 3 opponents, their tactics shaped themselves already as giant industrialists of the future conquering the pigmies. Josephson said, Entrenched at the narrows of the mighty river of petroleum, they could no more be dislodged than those other barons, who had planted their castles along the Rhine(Taking Sides 35). Ralph W. Hidey and Muriel E. Hidey disagreed with Josephson. In the book Taking Sides, They believe that John D. Rockefeller and his associates created and applied a system for operating a large integrated industrial enterprise, which was one of the earliest representatives of Big Business. He contributed to the development of American petroleum industry and through it to the growth of the economy. The Hideys believed that Rockefellers greatest contribution, beyond the concept of Standard Oil combination itself, was the persuasion of strong men to join the alliance and to work together effectively in its management. Oil policies went deep into the personalities and early experiences of Rockefeller and his colleagues. They had heightened uncertainty and speculation about their activities by their secrecy in building the alliance and by their evasive and legal testimony on the witness stand. There tended to be aroused antagonism because the very newness and size dominance, and efficiency of the combination. The antagonism also ran as far as the absorption of Rockefellers competitors in adversity and its search for the lowest possible railroad rates. The Standard Oil Company has done great work in the sense that oil refining has been simply reduced to a business and transportation. The Standard Oil Company brought a measure of order to a formerly confused industry. Anton Chaitkin agreed that John D. Rockefeller was indeed a robber baron of his time. In Treason of America, he disputes his argument by stating that in the 1860s Rockefeller ruthlessly consolidated oil refineries and oil-carrying railroads so as to create a giant trust known as Standard Oil. This trust controlled nearly all the oil in America. The monopolization of oil was very difficult to maintain for Rockefeller because many reformists were making allegations to right the wrongs of Standard Oil. Twice, the company was taken to the Supreme Court and dissolved. Rockefeller was vilified in the press and in popular literature as perhaps no other figure in American history has been vilified (Chiatkin 327). However, there appeared to be other reformers that came

Quotes From Princess Diana

Quotes From Princess Diana When Diana Spencer married Prince Charles, the world opened its arms to the new royal bride. Princess Diana was an overnight hero, a youth icon and a benefactor of the poor. She was a figure of passion, empathy, and kindness to the commoners. People thronged to wave at her, while she smiled at every face. As Princess of Wales, Diana was involved with many charitable organizations. She defied custom by involving herself with AIDS charitable programs. She was often photographed hugging an AIDS-afflicted child. Diana was grounded in her beliefs. In time, her marriage faltered and eventually ended in divorce. Her premature death in an accident on the streets of Paris shocked the world. Princess Diana lives on in the hearts of her well-wishers. In this collection of Princess Dianas remarks lie the passion, aspiration, hopes, and dreams of a young princess. Princess Diana on Random Acts of Kindness Helping people in need is a good and essential part of my life, a kind of destiny. Carry out a random act of kindness, with no expectation of reward, safe in the knowledge that one day someone might do the same for you. Comments on Her Marriage There were three of us in this marriage, so it was a bit crowded. Any sane person would have left long ago. But I cannot. I have my sons. I think like any marriage, especially when youve had divorced parents like myself; you want to try even harder to make it work. The Importance of Family Family  is the most important thing in the world.   I will fight for my children on any level so they can reach their potential as human beings and in their public duties. I live for my sons. I would be lost without them. I want my boys to have an understanding of peoples emotions, their insecurities, peoples distress, and their hopes and dreams. About the Monarchy Being a princess isnt all its cracked up to be.   Its vital that the monarchy keeps in touch with the people. Its what I try and do. Id like to be a queen in peoples hearts, but I dont see myself being  queen  of this country. Call me Diana, not Princess Diana.   On the Meaning of Life Life is just a journey. The biggest disease this day and age is that of people feeling unloved. So many people supported me through my public life, and I will never forget them. The Importance of Love If you find someone you love in your life, then hang on to that love. I went to the school and put it to William, particularly, that if you find someone you love in life, you must hang onto it, and look after it, and if you were lucky enough to find someone who loved you, then you must protect it. My first thoughts are that I should not let people down, that I should support them and love them. I knew what my job was; it was to go out and meet the people and love them. Every one of us needs to show how much we care for each other and, in the process, care for ourselves. Happiness I dont want expensive gifts; I dont want to be bought. I have everything I want. I just want someone to be there for me, to make me feel safe and secure. When you are happy you can forgive a great deal. Princess Dianas Personal Philosophy I dont go by the rule book. I lead from the heart, not the head. I like to be a free spirit. Some dont like that, but thats the way I am. Anywhere I see suffering, that is where I want to be, doing what I can. I wear my heart on my sleeve. Is it a weakness that I lead from my heart and not my head? Hugs can do great amounts of good- especially for children.   Thoughts on Helping Others Nothing brings me more happiness than trying to help the most vulnerable people in society. It is a goal and an essential part of my life- a kind of destiny. Whoever is in distress can call on me. I will come running wherever they are. I think the biggest disease the world suffers from in this day and age is the disease of people feeling unloved. I know that I can give love for a minute, for half an hour, for a day, for a month, but I can give. I am very happy to do that, I want to do that. I want to walk into a room, be it a hospital for the dying or a hospital for the sick children, and feel that I am needed. I want to do, not just to be. Random Musings I dont even know how to use a parking meter, let alone a phone box. If men had to have babies, they would only ever have one each. People think at the end of the day that a man is the only answer to fulfillment. Actually, a job is better for me. Im as thick as a plank. Im aware that people I have loved and have died and are in the spirit world looking after me. The greatest problem in the world today is intolerance. Everyone is so intolerant of each other. The kindness and affection from the public have carried me through some of the most difficult periods, and always your love and affection have eased the journey.

How to Say Any in Spanish

How to Say Any in Spanish The English word any has no single equivalent in Spanish, and when it is used to mean an uncountable noun or a plural noun, it is usually left out completely.  There are a few cases where you can use the word any to mean some, none or whatever, and in those cases, there is a translation for the word. When Any Can Be Omitted in Translation In many cases, any as an adjective is superfluous in Spanish, adding little independent meaning and can be omitted without much change in how the sentence is understood. Under those circumstances, and especially in questions, the word can usually be left untranslated in the Spanish equivalent.   English Sentence Spanish Translation If you have any additional questions about this product, you can check the label. Si tienes preguntas adicionales sobre este producto, puedes consultar la etiqueta. Are there any books about the National Museum in English?  ¿Hay libros sobre el Museo Nacional en inglà ©s? If we don't make any progress this week, a huge job will be left for us next week. Si no hacemos progresos esta semana, nos quedar una tarea monumental para la semana prà ³xima. Do you want any more carrots?  ¿Quieres ms zanahorias? I don't feel any pain. No siento dolor. Remember, there are times when any can or should be translated. There are a few ways to express the idea of any when it can mean some, none, whichever, or whatever in a sentence. When Any Means None Double negatives are common and acceptable in Spanish. In negative sentences, any can often be translated as ninguno, which varies according to number and gender. Note that ninguno is shortened to ningà ºn when it comes before a singular masculine noun. Like any, ninguno and its variations can function as both adjectives and pronouns. English Sentence Spanish Translation If you don't have any of these documents, you can submit one of the following. Si no tiene ninguno de estos documentos, puede someter uno de los siguientes. I don't see any advantages for the citizens. No veo ningunas ventajas para los ciudadanos. I don't feel any pain. No siento ningà ºn dolor. By using a double negative, in Spanish, it can allow the speaker to be emphatic. As is the case with the example, I dont feel  any  pain. The speaker can simple state,  No siento dolor.  However, when using the double negative and stating,  No siento  ningà ºn  dolor.  The speaker is emphasizing a state of being that is extremely pain free. It is similar to an English speaker saying, I dont feel any pain, not a one. When Any Means Some When any is used in a sentence and it stands in as a pronoun meaning some, it can be expressed in two ways as alguno  or algunos for the singular and plural masculine pronoun and  alguna or algunas  for the singular and plural feminine pronoun. An example of this would be,  I have two dogs. Do you have any? In the second sentence, you can replace the word any with alguno.  Tengo dos perros  ¿Tienes alguno? When Any Means Whatever or Whichever When any is used to mean that a variety of choices will do, such as whatever or whichever in English, you can use cualquiera, which is shortened to cualquier when used as an adjective before a masculine or feminine noun.   English Sentence Spanish Translation I am looking for any Harry Potter book. Busco cualquier libro de Harry Potter. Any mother can distinguish her child from all other children. Cualquier madre puede distinguir a su hijo de todos los dems nià ±os. "Which meal do you want to eat?" Any one. It doesn't matter." Cualquiera. No importa. It is absolutely prohibited to provide syringes or hypodermic needles in any way. Es absolutamente prohibido suministrar de cualquier modo jeringuillas o agujas hipodà ©rmicas.

Identifying the Science Processes eed 323 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Identifying the Science Processes eed 323 - Essay Example This may be done through group discussions and experimentations (Online Academy). In this stage, the students will begin asking questions and clearing their doubts. Their natural interest aroused, they will begin making enquiries and the answers must be capable of resolving their queries. The answers must be scientific and the students must be oriented towards satisfying their enquiries scientifically. The teacher must use graphs, charts and other visuals to drive home authentic points. The students' interest will catch up and they will make enquires depending upon their outlook and curiosities (Online Academy). There are plenty of mysteries wrapped within the crust of the earth. Until the 1970s, geo-scientists found it difficult to draw the actual dimension of the earth's interior. Now, since the 1970s, there is better understanding of this region due to various technological advances such as the computer algorithms and information technology. A 3D image can be made more easily using computer and this technology provides more accurate information about the earth's interior. Modern computer algorithms help us map geological interfaces at depths of many kilometers. This technology is used by the oil and gas exploration corporations also (Paul R. Wood). The inter-relationship of mathematics, s... A 3D image can be made more easily using computer and this technology provides more accurate information about the earth's interior. Modern computer algorithms help us map geological interfaces at depths of many kilometers. This technology is used by the oil and gas exploration corporations also (Paul R. Wood). Integrating Mathematics, Science and Technology (MST) The inter-relationship of mathematics, science and technology must be highlighted in order to solve scientific queries. The teacher must actively pursue this inter-relationship of the three disciplines while teaching to drive home solutions to queries. The project of journey into the earth must be dealt with MST and every point or query must be handled with the MST process. Throughout the course, MST must be the watchword for tracking solutions to relevant problems (Online Academy). Starting a project Having secured a solid, good basis with assessment, development of framework, separation of facts from fiction, it is time to embark on a project consistent with the topic on journeying into the earth. The student may pursue this project with his/her own unique idea although it must be interspersed with MST. The student may be encouraged to use Power point to make the presentation graphic and clear. Online projects There are many websites on the internet that could come to the aid of the student who is doing his/her project. The teacher must be alert so that the students close in on the right sites and keep away from non-essential or harmful sites.Structure of the earth This part of the process brings the student closer to the project by providing him/her an idea of the complete surface of the earth with its

Sustainable Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sustainable Tourism - Essay Example Now, the question arises what is the tourism prospective of Olympic Games. It is known that a sport is an essential tourist phenomenon that offers people with thrilling and motivating sightseer experiences. Olympic is a world’s leading sporting occasion that provides tourists with diverse lively, reflexive and vividly experienced activities. Thus, Olympics provide an extensive range of greatly considerable tourism benefits (Weed, 2007). In early 1990s, tourism scholars and professionals began to contemplate the associations of sustainable development for their own enterprise. Since the Earth Summit, the idea of sustainable development has sought attention from both tourism philosophers and professionals. Its basic hypothesis has acquired worldwide approval as an adorable outcome of tourism development. This has been mirrored in the conception of sustainable tourism advancement plans, policy declarations and guidelines. The World Tourism Organization (WTO) supported the sustainable advancement to tourism, and commenced to apply sustainable advancement ethics in all of its tourism outlining and development. The United Nations and its organizations have also consigned the significance of tourism and sustainable development on several occasions. The General Assembly observed the significance of tourism and appealed for the development of a business plan particularly for tourism development in the year 1997 (Berno and B ricker, 2001). This study aims to discuss the degree of sustainability of the Beijing Olympic Games 2008. This study also examines the actions taken by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and Chinese Government and their subsequent impacts. This research tries to establish how far Beijing have been able to achieve sustainability in tourism. Several stakeholders had a curiosity in contributing to the development and arrangement of the Beijing

Categorical imperative Essay Example for Free

Categorical imperative Essay Philosophers usually tend to think and respond in totally different and opposite ways. However, in Glaucon’s challenge, Aristotle, Spinoza, Hume, Kant and Mill agreed that it’s an uncontrollable system of desire. In Glaucon’s challenge he describes three important ideas. The first idea is â€Å"of the nature and origin of unjust, according to the common view of them† (488). The second idea is â€Å"I will show that all men who practice justice do so against their will, of necessity but not as a good† (488). The third idea is â€Å"I will argue that there is reason in this view, for the life of the unjust is after all better far than the life of the just† (488). Each one of these philosophers responded to this challenge similar and different manners. Aristotle believed that to be a good man is to have good morality. In his point of view he sees that morality gives a reason that leads to actions. Artistotle respond toward Glaucon’s challenge is reason guides passion. This makes him an injustice man because he just cares about how to please himself and follow his desire. Spinoza’s idea is emotions have nothing to do with human beings its reasons that guide us. He believed that passion and emotions leads us to be changeable due to how the world around us and not necessarily our knowledge. Reasons give us the opportunity to gain knowledge of life. Spinoza becomes unjust and gives reasons to Glaucon’s challenge. From Hume’s point of view he believed that benevolence makes us social being instead of self interest. Hume’s main concern is sympathy and empathy. Sympathy is the nature of human that makes them human beings. It’s the ability to see feel pity toward other. Empathy is the understanding of pain and happiness of one another. Hume believed that all human are selfish and that their passion guides their reasons. Passion and reasons is not having emotions or feeling pity. Hume’s view is that we should the ability to feel others emotions and understand them. Kant sees that the categorical imperative is the only moral way to act. Categorical imperatives are based on ideals of logic and acts on duty. He believed that if you feel satisfied about something you did, you shouldn’t consider it a reward but rather as a bonus for you. We only do moral things because it’s in fulfill our interest and benefit. Kant responds to Glaucon’s challenge that if the act is immoral, then it cannot be considered into categorical imperative. Mill’s view is that everyone should be satisfied and happy. He believes that everyone should think of the consequences of their actions before deciding to make them. Mill puts others as well as himself into consideration before any action. He doesn’t argue towards or against Glaucon’s challenge, he just cares about his pleasure and others. Each philosopher had his own argument toward Glaucon’s challenge. Their ideas were unjust happiness towards Glaucon’s challenge. Aristotle and Hume had opposite views. Aristotle‘s idea towards the challenge was reason guides passion, where Hume’s idea was passion guides reason. Mill and Kant had the same assumptions. Mill expresses about pleasure and Kant was certain about duty. Mill agrees with Aristotle as well, they believe that happiness is a man’s ambition and human existence. Spinoza is just unjust to the whole idea of the challenge. These philosophers’ ideas were very similar that a man would behave unjust if he had the ring.

dante :: essays research papers

Dante's Inferno and The Garden of Earthly Delights The Garden of Earthly Delights painted by Hieronymus Bosch, depicts many vivid fictional scenes in triptych style. The right wing of the triptych depicts Hell and the causes of man's downfall, which Dante wrote about in the Inferno. Dante tries to convey to all humanity the consequences of human actions and the levels of hell that he believes exist for different levels of sins. Dante divides Hell up into ten different circles, and there is an upper and a lower level of Hell. Dante and Bosch have similar views on the evil within people and this evil is represented in their works, whether it transpires in a painting or in a book. This evil is evident in the right wing of The Garden of Earthy Delights, which can be used to portray scenes from almost all of Dante's circles of Hell. Fire is seen in much of the painting, which can be symbolic of death. Fire is one of the only elements man can create so fire can also be seen as a symbol of mortality. Virgil said, "I come to lead you to the other shore, into eternal darkness, ice, and fire." (Canto III: line 87) This quote shows the connection of fire and Hell. Fire can also be representative of the Holy Spirit and this relates to Dante who ties religion into the Inferno. Fire is the background of much of the top of the painting. Virgil said, "Eternal fire burns within, giving off the reddish glow you see diffused throughout this lower Hell." (VII: 73-75) Another scene in Bosch's painting that is striking appears towards the bottom and in the middle of the painting. A red instrument that is large and rounded has figures circling around it, some of which are dressed like nuns and one who is dressed like a Pope. These figures may be representative of Dante's belief in God and the Church which are two themes in the Inferno. Dante mentions Pope Nicholas III, Pope Boniface VIII, and Pope Clement V who are in hell for corrupting ecclesiastical offices in the Church and profiting from their actions. "You have built yourselves a God of gold and silver! How do you differ from the idolator, except that he worships one, you worship hundreds?" (XIX: 112-114) This could be why the Pope and nuns in The Garden of Earthly Delights are in Hell.

Dash Diet Evaluation

Audrey Conn Special Diet Project 04/19/12 The Dash Diet 1. The diet I chose to follow is called the DASH diet. It stands for dietary approaches to stop hypertension (The Dash Diet Eating Plan, 2012). 2. The diet was created for people with hypertension. I followed the diet for three days. Normally I don’t think I would have had a problem following this diet because I tend to eat the same foods already but situational factors affected my outcome. The combination of work and finals didn’t give me adequate time to prepare meals.I tried my hardest to get the fruit, grains, and nuts/seeds/legumes servings in because those were the easiest to eat on the go. I followed that pretty well but I definitely didn’t get all of my vegetable, lean meat/poultry/fish, or dairy servings in. 3. The general purpose of this diet is to prevent and control hypertension, also known as high blood pressure. Besides lowering blood pressure this diet aims to improve insulin sensitivity, lowe r cholesterol, reduce the risk of; cancer, stroke, heart disease, kidney stones, and diabetes, and can also be used as a weight loss diet (The Dash Diet Eating Plan, 2012). . There are a few factors that could potentially make this diet difficult to follow. This diet calls for a lot of whole foods like fruit and vegetables and lean meat. Since this diet is specifically for hypertensive individuals processed foods are out of the question because they contain a large amount of sodium. This detail could pose a problem to those with a hectic lifestyle. Many people don’t have the time to cook or prepare fresh foods. And others simply don’t enjoy it. If a person isn’t willing to avoid the convenience of processed foods than they cannot follow this diet.This also poses a problem for those that are in the lower class. Fresh fruits and vegetables are more expensive than processed foods and some may not be able to afford it. Availability of the fruits and vegetables could be a problem as well. I didn’t have a problem finding them but someone that doesn’t live near a grocery might, or in an area that does not import out of season produce. Your education on nutrition might hinder your success with this diet. You need to know how to read nutrition labels, your calorie/nutritional needs, serving sizes for different foods, and food reparation. Luckily you can buy The DASH Diet Action Plan book on the website that has a lot of helpful information, advice, and recipes. 5. The first difference is that the Dash Diet categorizes food into 7 groups opposed to 5 on the food guide pyramid. The diet separates legumes and meat into 2 different groups. The food guide pyramid also took out a fats and sweets category whereas the Dash Diet still includes it. The fruit, vegetable and dairy food groups were all very similar in serving size. Grain consumption was a couple servings higher in the Dash Diet.Over all protein was also a little higher because the diet puts legumes/seeds/nuts into a separate group. 6. The Dash Diet focuses on low sodium consumption, or more precisely, the correct amount of sodium consumption. The typical eating pattern includes more sodium than our body needs. This diet also has a higher fiber content than most people usually consume. 7. This diet plan is made for long term use. It contains all the necessary vitamins and minerals that our body needs. As long as you switch up the variety in your foods you won’t be lacking or consuming excessive nutrients. 8.Trying to fit enough lean meat and dairy into my diet was the biggest change I had to make. On average I probably get only 2 to 4 servings of lean meat/fish/poultry a week. Tuna was the easiest way for me to get the servings in. My lack of extra time would make this diet hard for me to follow well. My schedule is always changing so preparing foods all the time would be a hassle. It is also more expensive to follow this diet than my typical eating ha bits. Money isn’t something I have a lot of. 9. If I had hypertension and was expected to follow this diet I don’t think the transition would be that difficult.However, the transition would be easier if I had a scheduled time every day or every week that gave me time to prepare food and meals in bulk to save time. 10. I think I’ll have a better understanding of what others go through when they have special diets. It can be a large inconvenience depending on your lifestyle. I’ll also have an appreciation for those that have special diets and actually follow them. I had issues with just three days. Works Cited The Dash Diet Eating Plan. (2012, April). Retrieved from The DASH Diet: http://dashdiet. org/

Example of speech text Essay

With all due respect to the English teacher ,and all my friends in this class,†¦Good Morning!!! In this chance, I would like to tell you my speech that has the theme â€Å"Using Internet make us healthy and productive!† Internet is not sounds familiar, especially among students now. That because Internet is very useful in the learning. But, not just for learning internet could give all of want. Not only that, using internet could make us healthy anf productive. Why should I say internet could make us healthy? According to a reality, now in the internet had already a lot of entertainment sites, like games. Not only that, internet also provides how to perform a variety of health programs, from variety specialists of health. And not a few people who successfully live with program of healthy living with resources from the internet. Using information from the internet can be done by anyone, without need to pay an expensive, then such as consultations with health professionals. Next, internet also could make us productive. It because in internet available a variety ways to make different products, starting from simple unti rather difficult to do. People could get productive by utilizing information from using internet. Provided there is a desire we could successful is to easy, using much information, especially from the internet that available so much information. So, if we already know that by using the internet could make us healthy, and produktive. Let us use the internet .Of course for purposes that are positive. Because the internet will be good or bad depending on how and to what the Internet was used. Just that could I to say, thankyou for your attention and Good Morning !!! (Source : http://bellapelajar.blogspot.com/2012/06/example-of-speech-text.html)a

College Entrance Essay Outline

College Entrance Essay Outline College Entrance Essay Outline If you are planning to enter college, a college entrance essay is probably something that disturbs you most of all. It is rather natural since your essay will influence much the admission committees decision on whether to accept or reject you. That is why planning properly your admission essay is your primary purpose. So, in this article you will find the guidelines that will help you produce an effective English essay writing outline. Before you start working out your college entrance essay outline, we advise you brainstorm a bit. Ask yourself the following questions that will help you get an idea of what components to include into your college entrance critical essay outline: Why do you prefer this very college to other academic institutions? What career goals do you have for the future? What plan do you have for realization of your goals? What area would you like to specialize in? Why do you think you will be successful at college? Read also: After that, you are ready to pass to your college entrance essay outline. Here are the guidelines that will help you work out an effective college entrance essay outline, thus, make a steady foundation for your essay: Take a big poster and write down your major purpose. It is up to you how to formulate it, as the college entrance essay outline is a draft only that serves you as a compass showing the direction to move by. For instance, you may write something like I want to enter this college because. There is certainly something that influenced your decision to enter this college. So, the first point of your college entrance essay outline is all about the evaluation of the significant experience, achievement, or even a person who helped you make the decision. The next item of your college entrance essay is all about the discussion of your personal, local, and international concern that is very important to you. Think of the concern that might reveal your character but not the one all people care about. Make notes. Finally, in your college entrance essay outline, make notes on the range of your academic interests. How could you contribute to the richness of the college campus community? Outline the range of your abilities and personal perspectives the admission committee might find rather interesting. When making the college entrance essay outline, you are a creator, and whether your creature will become your assistant or wrecker depends on you. If you are in need of well-written college admission essay, do not hesitate to order custom admission essay writing service at our site! We know how to write winning admission essays! Related posts: Essay Writing Need Help Writing a Paper College Term Paper Persuasive Research Paper Term Paper Editing

No More One and Done

No More One and Done All writers know that building a career in words is only two parts   writing and sixty parts marketing. For new writers especially, the   ratio of marketing to writing is high. Writing regularly for a handful   of publications means less marketing and more actual paying work. You probably have a few editors youd like to work with again, but   dont stop there. Dream Clients Keep a list. Decide where you want to write and pursue those   publications. Decide what types of writing you want in your   day-to-day. If your goal is to write health and wellness pieces, pitch   those markets. You might not jump straight to the ranks of Oxygen   magazine but keep them on your list while you build clips from other   fitness publications. Eventually, you can show off those Now What? Youve landed an assignment at a publication youd like to write for   again. You rocked the article, you liked your editor and your piece is   approaching publication. Now what? Submit another ideaor two. You dont have to wait months or start from scratch somewhere else.   Remind the editor of your previous work together and submit a couple   new article ideas with an offer to send an outline on any that pique   an interest. If you met your deadline and delivered what you promised,   youre already ahead of 99 percent  of the submissions in her inbox.  I landed a regular column this way. Keep In Contact Ways to maintain relationships and create new ones include: Social Media Retweet, share, like and tag those posts. Follow your dream editors on   Twitter and LinkedIn. Friend them on Facebook. Not only will it keep   your name in front of them but it will also keep you informed and   current and might even get you some inside info, like birthdays and   pet peeves. The Comment Box â€Å"Nice post† is not enough. You have to contribute meaningful and   helpful comments. Remember that the purpose of a blog is to help the   readers. Bloggers, whether youve written for them before or not, will   notice your willingness to assist their readers and your knowledge of   the subject. Subscriptions, duh No brainer, right? This is cheaper with online publications because   most digital newsletters are free and youll probably get the latest   download in exchange for your email! For print publications, read the   letter from the editor every month and note any changes in format or   the masthead. In your pitch, mention something recent to show youre informed on   what the publication has been up to. A quick â€Å"congrats on being named   one of the top fifty blogs in the universe† or â€Å"excited for the   release of your [insert upcoming product here]† demonstrates your   continued interest. The Editorial Calendar A pitch aimed at the editorial calendar shows youre professional, do   your homework and are there to make the editors life a little easier.   Find their lead time which will tell you how far into the calendar   you should focus. If you cant find an editorial calendar, you can   always shoot a quick email asking if there are upcoming themes for a   publication. Narrowing your client list can lead to steady sources of work and less   time marketing, which means more time writing and earning. Be   professional and respectful. Meet your deadlines. Deliver what you   promise and if you maintain those relationships, editors will be   relieved when they see your name in their inbox again and again.

5 question test review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

5 question test review - Essay Example The freedom of a person to do something or decide on something was determined by God even before its conception in the brain. 3. Dualism entails the existence of the mind and the body and how they interact with each other. It describes the presence of a conscious mind which affects the physical body and also the body influencing the conscious mind. Generally it shows that there exists two different aspects that affect each other. The dualistic notion advanced by the Chinese ying yang explains that the universe is divided into two worlds that are predominant. They are different forces which depend on each other and cause the existence of one another. Examples include, hot and cold, light and dark, male and female etc. Zoroastrianism is a religion that believes on the existence of a creator of only the good things and no bad thing comes from him. 4. The Judeo Christian understanding of man and women shows that women were created because of the man and she is ruled over by the man. They base their arguments from the first creation of man and how the woman made the man to sin. They were created by God in order to assist each other and the woman as a companion to the man. 5. Marks and Feud viewed religion as an illusion in which the desire for a father made people to form an imaginary figure to represent that. They argue that religion is slowly been disregarded as science and reasoning creeps in. They explain that due to the changes in the nature of things and civilisation, religion acts as a protection or

Gun Control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Gun Control - Research Paper Example And there are people, who support the laws, which give them permission to use the guns to protect themselves or for other purposes, as they believe that it will be safer to live in such environment. Today more than 60% of all crimes and murders are performed with the help of guns. However, the gun control issue became urgent in late 1960s, when the crime rate significantly increased. Murders and assaults were increasing in number for about 30 years. People believed that introducing the laws, which will restrict the gun sale, would improve the situation. According to statistics, 70% of US population believed in this idea and supported it. However, starting from 1994 the crime rate started to decrease (at present the crime rate in the US is 17%  less than 10 years ago), and today only roughly half of the population (about 49%) support strict gun control (Barret "Why Gun Control Is Basically Dead"). Recent accidents, which deal with mass shooting and killings of people in the US, are the reasons why common citizens worry. The accidents at Virginia Tech University (33 deaths), the American Civic Association in Binghamton, New York (14 deaths), elementary school in Newtown, Connecticut (28 deaths), movie theater in Colorado (12 deaths) and other places (Barret "Firearm Sales Up + Crime Down = Gun Control Dead", Barret "Why Gun Control Is Basically Dead", "Gun Control vs. Gun Rights"), make people worry about their own lives and lives of their children, relatives and close friends. The misuse of small weapons is also considered to be one of the vital safety problems in the world. The number of small arms, used by people, significantly increased after the end of the  Cold War. Small weapons are available everywhere in the world, easy to buy and easy to keep unnoticed. Some experts state, that more than 60% of all crimes are committed with the help of small

LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

LAW - Essay Example They were convicted and sentenced for felony murder in the Supreme Court of the State of New York for New York County. Judgment was affirmed without opinion in the Appellate Division. A motion to reargue was denied by the New York Court of Appeals on June 15, 1976. Victory was tried for felony murder (N.Y.Penal L. Â § 125.25(3) predicated upon the crime of escape in the second degree (id. Â § 205.10(2)). To convict Victory the jury had to find that Bornholdt and he escaped from custody after Officer Varecha had arrested them for a felony and that the policeman was shot in the course of or in furtherance of this escape. In charging the jury, the trial judge explained several times that it was necessary for them to find that an escape was being committed at the time Varecha was shot in order to convict Victory of felony murder. http://cases.justia.com/us-court-of-appeals/F2/570/66/3893 For example, "the prosecution must show that during the commission or attempted commission of the crime of escape in the second degree, and in the course of and in furtherance of that crime, or the immediate flight there from, a defendant caused the death of a person other than one of the participants." Both the crime of felony murder and the crime of escape in the second degree were submitted. After retiring, the jury asked for a re-reading of the law of escape, and twice for a re-reading of testimony about events prior to the shooting. "As a matter of law, does the fact of flight after the shooting itself establish escape in the second degree after an arrest has been made for felony assault?" The judge indicated that there was no "categorical" answer to the question posed, carefully stated what the jury would be required to find for a conviction of escape in the second degree, then re-read the statutory definition of felony murder which, as the jury had often heard, requires death be caused in the course of or in furtherance of a predicate

Boston Consulting Group Matrix (BCG) Explained

Boston Consulting Group Matrix (BCG) Explained The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) growth-share matrix is a very vital inclusion in marketing or strategic management. The Boston Matrix developed by Bruce Henderson in the early 70s of the Boston Consulting Group. Even thou considering the flaws in the model, the Boston Consulting Group model is one of the most famous portfolio management tool implemented in product life cycle theory. It can provide effective guidance towards resource distribution. The BCG matrix works on two variables: market share and market growth. This variables point at the status of the organisation. It can be also stated as, products which have a greater market share or fall in the fast growing category can yield higher profit margins. It basically serves four distinctive purposes: It can be used to categories products portfolio in four types namely Stars (high growth, high market share) , Cash Cows (low growth, high market share), Question Marks (high growth, low market share) Dogs (low growth, low market share); it can be used to prioritize products in the products portfolio; classifying products on the bases of cash usage and generation; helps generating strategies to tackle possible product lines. Hence, the BCG model proves to be a useful analytical tool to value a companys product ranges. The four cells classified in the BCG are: Stars This category holds the market leaders which also have greater market share. The products in this category generate large amount of income but also require heavy investment to sustain market share rapid growth. Cash Cows The products in this category basically have high market share in an already developed market. They generate high profits and generate good cash flow. Such products do not require much investment as they are already established products. Question Marks Question marks are products which fall in a high growth market with relatively low market share. Such products require considerable investment to hold and increase the market share. The return on investment is also low due to the lack of market share. Dogs Dogs thrive in a low growth market with a low share. They do not generate any effective profits for the company and show little signs of growth. Such products should be generally liquidated. Although BCG matrix is a well-known tool for portfolio analysis, it has numerous constraints too. Some of them are: The foremost and important problem is how to define the market and collection of data regarding a products market share. It is not necessary that a product with a high market share result in profitability at all times. The model only works on two aspects namely market share and market growth. Businesses with low market share can also be profitable. It only rates the products on the bases of one competitor i.e. the market leader. It overlooks small competitors with high rate of growth. It overlooks the effects of synergy between strategic business units. Internal and External Audits The marketing audit forms a very core part of the marketing planning process. Audits are undertaken at the beginning of the plan, as well as at fixed intervals during the execution of the plan. The marketing audit consists of both internal and external influences on marketing planning, also considering the review of the plan itself. Many tools and methods are available to undertake such audits, e.g. SWOT analysis which can be used for auditing internal as well as external environment. Altogether such marketing audits help evaluate the opportunities and threats, and help the marketing heads to assess and make necessary changes to the plan. Many a times when things start going downhill in a company in ways like falling sales, weakening margins, reducing market share, the need for an audit spurges up. Management often overlook the actual problem and work towards the wrong symptoms. Launching of new products, reducing costs, cutting costs are some of the tactics used. Such measures are highly ineffective, if core problems are not addressed. Such problems have to be effectively identified and auditing helps in defining such problems. Internal Audit Internal audit consist of controllable variables in a firm. Internal audit helps in evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of an organisation which provide certain advantages and can relate to the needs of the specific target market. Strengths can be classified as internal factors which can support an organisation accomplish its objectives or to reduce threats. Weaknesses are factors which may hamper the organisational growth and foil organisations from achieving their targets. Some of the areas of internal audit in order to analyse the internal factors of a company are:- Resources, sales, market share, profit margin, costs, marketing procedures, marketing organisation, marketing information, marketing mix variables as : Products, Price, Distribution, Promotion. External Audit External audit is related with the uncontrollable variables, outside the firm such as the market, the competitor, etc. The external audit is concerned with factors such as political-legal, economic, social-cultural and technological (also known as PEST or STEP), with these the ecological and competitive factors which may stand opportunities or pose threats. An opportunity can be termed as an external factor which the company can exploit to gain higher profits margins. A threat can be any external circumstances that could curtain organisational performance. Areas of analyses for external audit include information regarding customers, suppliers, partners, market share, technical standards; customer feedback through surveys, suggestions, complaints; government, academic or syndicated studies of the market, the industry, competition; industry groups; employees, suppliers, and other partners; media and online reports; special interest group (Woods, 2007)*. SWOT TOWS It is very an important part of planning to understand the environment an organisation operates. SWOT analysis summarises a companys strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. SWOT analysis is a tool for auditing a company and its environment. It is conducted at the initial stage of planning and helps point out the key issues. SWOT is an acronym used to define Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats which are strategic factors for a company, where the strengths and weaknesses form the internal factor, opportunities and threats are external factors to the firm. Where SWOT analysis is a tool used to identify business strategies for an organisation to adopt. It comprises of specifying and grouping together internal organisational strengths and weaknesses and environmental opportunities and threats. In real life scenario this is not so viable as although having all identified all the information in hand, the problem arises of what to do with the information. Whereas, the TOWS matrix is a mechanism which helps in explaining the strategy rather than just helping in its generation. The TOWS matrix (Weihrich, 1982)* presents a mechanism for facilitating linkages and presents a framework for identifying and formulating strategies. In order to conduct Strategic management, brief market research needs be carried out using accurate information systems to evaluate key issues in the company and environment. Factors such as: Market Research External and internal which may affect a company. Target customers. Driving forces behind sales trends. Company Research Information of company resources assets, I. P., etc. Information of company capabilities. Competition Research Competitive edge. Needs of products and services. The information thus collected needs to be scanned and evaluated into four elements: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, where in opportunities and threats are used to analyse the external factors and strengths and weaknesses are used to analyse the internal factors. It is very important to bear in mind that internal and external factors should clearly distinguished, as it may obscure both the management approach and decision making body. The SWOT TOWS process can carry on till the time the body feels it is productive, as long as the information is properly evaluated and refined by discussions and arguments. At the end, the points put forward should be agreed by the whole board on which points to reject and which to retain, so the final gird will contain only the key strategic marketing external opportunities and the key strategic internal strengths and weakness. As concluded by Tony Proctor (2000)* with his case study on over 50 organisations, that practising such tec hniques have helped the organisations in gaining greater insights in the process of strategy creation and have helped structure their thinking process and have helped them profoundly in coming up with better strategic ideas. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning process The STP process is a very important process in a marketing strategy as it helps the organisation in creating personalised marketing mix packages which target specific group of the market segment with similar characteristics and needs. The STP process consists of three main activities: market segmentation, market targeting and market positioning. The level and category of segmentation process employed varies significantly depending factors like Dimension of the organisation Point at which it is carried in the marketing planning process Financial position of the organisation Current market position Segmenting targeting positioning (STP) consist of different steps as stated by Pelsmacker and Geuens (2007)* namely, definition of segmentation criteria, definition of segment profiles, assessment of the attractiveness of segments, selection of target groups, definition of the desired unique position in the mind of targeted consumers. The STP implementation begins with defining potential factors based on which segmentation of the market can be carried. The market segments created should further be divided in to generalized subgroups, in which the members of one group should respond identically to marketing stimuli and be different in their reaction to such stimuli from members of other segments. For example, the furniture market can be disturbed into different groups such as home and business market. Further division of these segments can be carried out such as, home market can include segments like student home furniture, classic furniture, design furniture etc.; likewise business segment can be divided into office furniture, hotel furniture etc. In the next stage, Points in each segment can be combined to form segmentation profiles. On the basis of identified segmentation profiles, their attractiveness can be assessed. The attractiveness of the segments depends on many factors like the size and forecasted progression of sales, buying power and competition amount targeted for the segment. Considering the analysis of segment attractiveness, a number of target groups will be selected which will be focused upon, keeping in mind the companys strengths. This process is called targeting. Further objectives, strategies and tactics created will circle around these particular groups. In the end, the organisation has to create a unique and appropriate position for its product in the mind of the target group. Positioning can be defined as how a product is perceived by the target group based on its important attributes. Positioning is one of the fundamental element of marketing strategy and of marketing communications.

Jackson Sucks :: essays research papers

Jackson Sucks (The obvious, and not so obvious reasons) If there was a website for this story it would be www.jacksonhighsucks.edu. Theres no other way to say it simply†¦Jackson is the worst thing since Alf. Being a senior, that means I have been here for four years (Sadly, this is the only thing I have ever learned from this establishment.) Yes, that’s four years of pain and misery, so I will detail to you why Jackson has been such a torture. O.K. maybe it wasn’t such a torture but you know what I mean. Don’t get me wrong I love high school, and it will suck to be leaving this place to go to college (Western Washington University!! GO Vikings woo!!! Extreeeeme!) but at the same time I am ready to leave this dump. I constantly hear on a day to day basis in the hallways rants and ravings about how this school sucks, so obvious or not it is not only me. Everyone loathes school, but what makes Jackson so different that it sucks so much compared to other schools? I mean, what sets it apart that makes it so unique? Today I will bring up a couple points with you. Some reasons why Jackson sucks is because of the academic quality Jackson possesses, the administration, the ASB (Or lack thereof), the student body (YOU), and finally school lunches. School lunches First we will tackle the most important of issues I want to discuss. School lunches. A look at these lunches will surely disappoint any student. Not only a student, but if some Somalian kid were to dine at our very very fine five star establishment, they would be like â€Å"Whats going on? Wheres the food? I WANT THE FOOOOOD!!" You often hear people rant and rave about cafeteria food, you could have heard this through movies, or just from peers. Jackson is no exception. While I will give the food here at Jackson a passing quality factor, the measly portions lead me to believe the schools on some type of welfare system. Its about 11:30, and many students haven’t eaten some breakfast, so they are starving. So starving they are at the point of eating REAL baby back ribs (*background noise* â€Å"that’s what I’m talking about!†) if you catch my drift. The lines are long and there is absolutely no space to even move. There is such a lack of space for moment that there is an occasional jerk face that is walking out with this food and bumps you with his turkey gravy platter and blotches gravy excrement’s on to your face which scolds and blisters.

Case study Partnership Principles

Early on childhood instruction plays a critical function as it is the first measure to further physical and cognitive competency in bend to act upon a individual ‘s womb-to-tomb acquisition and accomplishment. To work as a successful early childhood pedagogue, empathy and an apprehension of the early childhood course of study – Te Whariki is requested. Along with this ordinance, an effectual partnership between pedagogues and whanau has appeared as an indispensable and valued assistance to accomplish the mark successfully – to achieve a quality accomplishment for kids ‘s acquisition and development. Harmonizing to this, the importance of partnership in the context of early childhood service and its cardinal constituents to implement will be discussed in this essay. Definition of teacher-parents ( whanau ) partnership The term ‘partnership ‘ is used to depict a mutual relationship between two parties who collaborate on a joint activity or undertaking. With different valued beliefs which may happen in the procedure of coaction, instructors and whana, in this partnership, complement each other in assorted learning attacks to advance a valuable and choice early childhood instruction service for kids. Similarly, the impression of Te Tiriti o Waitangi, which states about partnership between people who from different cultural backgrounds, Maori and pakeha, to â€Å" mahi tahi – work together † ( Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand, 1992. ) in any fortunes. For this ground, in Aotearoa/ New Zealand, the early childhood course of study – Tellurium Whariki have employed the impression of Te Tiriti o Waitangi and suggested in its bicultural attacks for an equal and respectable attitude in learning attacks. Effective partnership and cardinal constituents Teachers ‘ attitude in a partnership with whanau and the scene of teaching method are influential to win the early childhood service ( Lindon, 1997 ) . As Stonehouse ( 1994 ) insisted, â€Å" unless staff in kids ‘s services give precedence to relationships with parents, they do non assist kids † ( p55 ) . Along with the Guiding Principles of Quality in Action, it has besides mentioned directors and instructors should work together â€Å" by admiting parents as first pedagogues and by working collaboratively to develop shared ends and outlooks † ( Ministry of Education,1998, p. 14 ) . Therefore, coaction with parents/whanau in the context of early childhood Centre is one of major appraisal for all pedagogues while promote the lovingness service. In short, a figure of cardinal constituents to accomplish effectual partnership are listed as mentions: Empowerment & A ; Involvement Harmonizing to ‘Family and Community ‘ , a rule in Te Whariki, instructors should admit that the engagement of whanau in their instruction attacks is indispensable – â€Å" Families should be portion of the appraisal and rating of the course of study † ( Ministry of Education, 1996, p. 30 ) . Likewise, in order to â€Å" authorise parents/whanau to recommend their kids and do determinations or to act upon the patterns † for their kids ‘s ain goods ( Keesing Styles, 2000 ) , an appropriate teaching method demands to be settled. For illustration, plan a programme for parents/whanau to construct a household portfolio with their kids. These attacks are to promote whanau to analyze Centre ‘s policies and teaching method by take parting their ain kids ‘s acquisition and development procedure. A positive respect and trust between whanau and instructors will be formed whithin the procedure. Communication â€Å" Communication must be meaningful and effectual as it is communicating that forms the footing of partnership † ( as cited in Grey & A ; Horgan, 2003, para 18 ) . Inviting whanau to fall in regular meeting â€Å" to discourse their kid ‘s learning advancement, involvements, abilities and countries for development on a regular footing, sharing specific observation-based grounds † ( Ministry of Education,1998, p. 55 ) can be a proper channel for an effectual communicating. Manager and pedagogues should guarantee the communicating with parents/whanau are continued and in two-way. The intent in this attack is for interchanging positions and back uping the single demands. It is besides a scheme to further parents ‘ assurance in the context of early childhood service and increase the chance to better learning attacks by geting their important advices. In add-on, a positive attitude to accept and esteem different ideas or peculiar questions is indispensable. Consultation â€Å" Parental apprehensions and outlooks will change kids ‘s outlooks of themselves † ( Ministry of Education, 1996, p. 30 ) . â€Å" Consultation is the procedure of garnering information to accomplish shared apprehensions, ends, and outlooks that will inform determination devising † ( Ministry of Education,1998, p 51 ) . A statement of doctrine is an illustration to show Centre ‘s cardinal beliefs, vision, values and Centre ‘s instruction. This attack will derive the trust and support from parents/whanau. Decision â€Å" Partnership between parents and professionals is regarded as the â€Å" integrating of different wisdoms † ( as cited in Grey & A ; Horgan, 2003, para 16 ) . Contribution from partnership between parents and instructors is valuable in the context of early childhood instruction service as it may act upon the consequence of kids ‘s acquisition and development. In the decision, the authorization and engagement of parents/whanau and appropriate communication and confer withing channels from instructors can assist to build a echt partnership to win the end for a quality service of kids ‘s acquisition and development. However, an effectual partnership may hold trouble to keep, for case, hard personality or unacceptable belief, which may ensue from how an pedagogue perceives him/herself in function of the instruction and how they encourage parents/whanau to step on this partnership. Effective Partnership In Action Introduction To build an effectual partnership with parents/whanau is more hard than holding a pleasant relationship with kids. The ground what I observed is grownups have complex ideas which acquired from the experiences of societal world for protecting themselves from selfishness and injuries. In a relationship of partnership, when differences of personality, belief or value come out, they mislead the determination and neglect to make the end. Unfortunately, this state of affairs go on easy and it ever necessitate a long clip solve and keep the relationship in stable because we are grownups who might come from unexpected background as we need to cognize each other first so acquire into deeper relationship to join forces with. To be a negotiable individual and acquiring effectual communicating accomplishment with an opened-mind will advance quality partnership relationship in this instance. Furthermore, a positive attitude of trust and regard is a cardinal constituent to build an effectual partn ership. As an early childhood instructor, there is a necessary to hold a self-awareness, to accept single differences, to be courageous plenty for challenges and the ability of job work outing since they all count as factors of accomplishment of partnership. In short, to larn to build effectual partnership with parents/whanau, we need more hand-on experience to grok the rule and detect the grade of understanding while using our cognition into pattern. It is an outlook for my acquisition for become a professional in early childhood instruction service. Personal instance survey My brother has a boy named Alvin. He is 16-month old. We live together and I help to look after small Alvin in my trim clip while the parents are busy. Alvin has a strong fond regard with me as I had proven from his actions. He normally becomes exciting when he seeing me around and so be given to run towards me for a large clinch even his parents are playing with him. From my observing, his parents have their ain attacks to raise their ain kid which some of them are against mine. They have pride and have no willing to portion the experiences of Alvin ‘s lovingness to others. In effect, Alvin have had a cautious lovingness from them, for illustration, no outdoor walk without places, no H2O playing and has no much chance to larn to eat by himself as I think he is large plenty to make those in his age. In fact, he is already a 16kg – 70cm fittingness male child and he understands our words most of clip. My teaching method encouraged him to research and meet his milieus safe ly through our interaction. This could be the ground he has strong fond regard to me and intend to listen what I say when he has emotional upset instead than his male parent. In this state of affairs, I feel abashed and fighting in my brother ‘s green-eyed monster and a tense relationship with my sister-in-law. They had complain my action is about to replace their function as kid ‘s ain parents. It sounds a large job in our relationship. Interpersonal communicating schemes I think our relationship is form as a ‘partnership ‘ relationship as I am insouciant carer of Alvin and they are parents. Through our reading stuff for partnership rule and some advises from instructors who are working in my support Centre. I had thought about my job which leads the tenseness between me and Alvin ‘s parents need to be solved by my attitude with communicating scheme. My apprehension from the rule of partnership and Te Whariki acknowledged that I had break the regulation of 'empowerment ‘ which insists the mandate of parents ‘ right and to authorise parents to do determination for their kid ‘s ain goods ( Keesing Styles, 2000 ) . Therefore, I could non derive the regard and trust from my brother or my sister-in-law in this partnership, alternatively, a negative feedback came. Listed some good illustrations from Quality in Action. They are utile assistance to work out my job in this cautiousness partnership and it works good in my pat tern. Provide chances for parents/whanau to discourse their kid ‘s larning â€Å" procedure, involvements, abilities and countries for development and sharing specific observation † ; â€Å" Acknowledge the rights of all parents/whanau and their aspirations for their kids † ; â€Å" Listen, value and esteem the positions of parents/whanau † ; â€Å" Invite and empower parents/whanau to lend through their engagement † in the synergistic activity ; â€Å" Consult † and discourse â€Å" with parents/whanau about learning attacks that concern their kids † ; Make parents/whanau feel comfy â€Å" to show their concerns † ; Less the fond regard with kids and promote them to interact with parents and concentrate on their relationship ; In order to delight our relationship from this state of affairs I had explained. I applied the above attacks and communicating accomplishments learned from reading and advises from instructors of support Centre into pattern. As the consequence, trust and regard from Alvin ‘s parents have dismissed my concerns from our tense relationship. I move Alvin ‘s attending back to his parents by promote his trust to his parents when we are all in the same room. For illustration, ‘please listen to what mum/dad said and Dendranthema grandifloruom can assist him ‘ ; or ‘yes, mum/dad is right, why do n't you travel with them and look into what will go on? It must be good. ‘ In those interaction, There are some suggestion that I gave as deductions to avoid a misinterpretation for taking off parents ‘ power from Alvin ‘s lovingness. For illustration, I asked for parents ‘ permission and their willing before I gave Alvin something else that they h ave non provided yet. It besides comforted me that we could hold chances to play hide-and-seek with parents ‘ engagement and work together with the same purpose – do Alvin happy. Decision In decision, I am larning to supply a quality lovingness to my nephew through playing and larning from grownups without confounding which side is right or incorrect. The partnership between me and Alvin ‘s parents is building positively in advancement. I had recognized the importance of partnership in child care service as we can back up each other ‘s clip, ability and intelligence as complementation to accomplish our common end for kids ‘s demands. As from my experiences, my communicating accomplishment and attitude with parents, who are besides relation of mine, shall acquire more betterment as I do hold a willing to go a professional and work in the context of early childhood instruction service. I will ne'er halt learn or halt my patterns. It is besides fortunate to hold this experience at place that I could larn from it before I may run into the same state of affairs at workplace.

Aaliyah: an Angel Back to Heaven

Aaliyah: An Angel Back to Heaven When I was younger, I looked up to my older sister a great deal. Anything that she did, I wanted to do. She was like my hero, or that cartoon character ever child wanted to go up and be like. When my sister and I were growing up, we listened to a lot of music and watched a lot of cartoons, but only because she wanted to. My sister, Christine, had a favorite rapper and singer. Now her rapper choice I thought was great but he wasn’t my favorite. Christine, or sometimes Tine, favorite rapper was Tupac Shakur.Though we did not agree on the same rapper, we did however, agree on our favorite singer together. We both chose an artist by the name of Aaliyah Dana Haughton. The first time I heard her music I fell in love. Aaliyah D. Haughton was born on January 16, 1979 in Brooklyn, New York. She was one of the best recording artist of her time. I loved her voice and her style. She wasn’t the girly type of R&B singer that was mostly seen. She had h er own style and that is one of the things I loved about her. Another thing I loved about her is that her song spoke truth and had real meaning.She didn’t just make a song to try to make a hit. Aaliyah related to the emotions of her fans and connected people with her. Because of this, she was loved by so many different types of people. Though Aaliyah was a beautiful and talented artist, she did not get to have a long life legacy. After shooting her last video, â€Å"Rock the Boat†, in the Bahamas, she got on a plane and left to head back to the U. S. On Augusta 25, 2001, that plane did not make it to the United States. Because they were in a rush to get back home, because they finished the video shoot early, they had to get on a smaller plane with all of their luggage.Instead of landing on an airway back in the states, the plane crashed approximately 200 meters away from where it took off. The plane crashed killed everyone aboard, including my favorite singer Aaliyah. My sister came home and turned on the television. That’s when I saw it. I saw the plane burnt to black ash and people cleaning up the debris. The headline flashed, â€Å" Aaliyah killed in plane crash. † I was so heart broken. I couldn’t believe she was gone. I felt like I lost apart of me. Ever since that day, I never had a favorite singer. I felt like that place was reserved for her.People around the world knew she was special. They said she was just an angel here for a short time. She had to be sent back to heaven. This tragedy made a great impact on my life. It made me realize that even at a young age, commayou could leave this world. I have three older sisters but I only spent time trying to get close to one. That was my sister Christine, who I looked up to the most. After this accident, I started to bond more with my other two sisters. With this I also begin to bond more with my nieces, nephews, parents, and my younger cousins.Though Aaliyah was not a part of my own family, I felt like she was a family member I lost. She did more than entertain with her music. She was a role model for me. I loved her poise, her style, the way she talked, and just even the things she was about. Even though I did not know her personally by meeting her, I felt like I knew a great deal about her from her music and the things I use to read about her. Even though I was only eight years old when Aaliyah died, it impacted my life a great deal. Though I did not get to meet her personally, her death made me realize things at a young age.Of course I knew that everyone was to die, but that would happen when they were real old. It never occurred to me that young people died everyday until her death. Even at a very young age, it made me realize, though it had been preached in church, that everyday is not promised. When I started to bond with my family more, there were less problems and more laughter. I even helped my mother’s and father’s side of the family bond more. This has changed my life greatly, because I have such a great support system now. Though her death was a tragedy, it brought joy into my life and my family.