Feminism A Feminist Movement - 1553 Words

â€Å"Feminist battled for decades to†¦ wrest power from men, Congratulations men, you won.† After comments like this how do you not ask yourself if there is still a need for a feminist movement throughout the country? Although it is now 2015, women still must put up a fight for equality. Males and females are constantly being compared in society. Especially at work, whether it is by earning less, or being subjected to an unfavorable environment, women are still seen as inferior to men, even if it is not directly portrayed. This is a problem that has been ongoing since time began, movements for women to gain equality have been occurring for nearly two centuries. However, the goals set by women like, Mary Wollstonecraft, Jane Adams, and Betty Friedan still have yet to be fully accomplished. Now more than ever there is a strong need for a feminist moment, and with stronger women than ever, it can be accomplished once and for all. Despite previous years of fighting, the term â€Å"feminism† did not come into play until the 1880’s. Coined in France, the term originally represented, â€Å"a movement determined to secure and defend equal rights and opportunities for women.† (â€Å"feminism† 1). One of the first generations of women’s rights advocates were heavily influenced by Mary Wollstonecraft’s work, A Vindication of the Rights of Women published in 1792. In her treatise she wrote, â€Å"Would men but generously snap our chains, and be content with rational fellowship instead of slavish obedience,Show MoreRelatedFeminism And The Feminist Movement Essay1292 Words   |  6 PagesThe feminist movement came to fruition during the early 20th century. Over all, the push for women s suffrage and rights was strong, but further enhanced by leaders like Alice Paul and Jane Addams. The idea of equal rights for all was further scrutinized and contested after civil rights were granted to former slaves. Women began to push for similar equality as illustrated through the feminist movement. The feminist movement became very large and sprouted subsections, one being a subsectionRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesThe feminist movement has transformed over the past century through the strength of thousands of women who were willing to put their lives and reputations on the line to fight against social injustice. The feminist movement has a common theme: rights and respect for women. However, it’s goals, methods and conceptions of who is included under the identity â€Å"feminist† has evolved considerably since the 19th century. The U.S. feminist movement’s objectives have progressed from prioritizing legislationRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement924 Words   |  4 Pagesplaylist I chose to focus on an overall theme of Feminism and the impact that women in popular music have through music. A feminist supports the ideals for equal rights for women. They share a common goal to achieve equal political, econ omic, personal, social and cultural rights. The women music genre emerged during the second-wave feminist movement. Women artists have taken to the music industry to express the idea of women rights through a feminist movement. This playlist includes eight songs from today’sRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pagescreated works that were completely original, and treated everyone with respect, dignity, and authenticity. Roxane Gay’s â€Å"Bad Feminist: Take One† ruminates on the authenticity of feminist identity constructed on principles of â€Å"essential feminism.† Ultimately, Gay arrives at the conclusion that narrowly constructed and rigidly defined fundamentals or â€Å"essentials† of feminism conflict with the complexities of womanhood and lead to an inauthentic (and unacceptable) identity. Gay advocates that genderRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement1110 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Fayson English 1102 Professor Williams I Spy Feminism In today’s society if we asked people the first thing that came to their mind when they heard the word equality, my bet is that not many of them would say something along the lines of male versus female. Females before, during, and after the feminist movement have been subject to discrimination because of what doesn’t lie in between their legs. Females are often steered away from the things they enjoy doing simply because it may seemRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement910 Words   |  4 PagesFeminism is a movement that I have never really claimed myself to be a part. I have nothing against those who want to stand for what they believe in, but I think there’s a way it should be done. Feminism is something that I have questioned a lot and have looked into. I am completely for women feeling empowered; however, I find many things that I disagree with when it comes to the feminist movement. I’ve listed five of them: 1. Feminists tend to paint the picture like men are the only problem. ItRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement Essay1339 Words   |  6 PagesAt its very core, the feminist movement aims to create gender equality. However on the individual level, feminism becomes a lot more nuanced, as feminists come from many different backgrounds, have many different experiences, and identify themselves in many different ways. Feminism is a movement for everyone, not just women, as it also addresses many other issues as a result of intersecting identities. Although gender equality seems like a logical enough goal, many people are afraid to identify specificallyRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement1006 Words   |  5 Pages Early feminism was typically focused only on white women, likely because racism was still extremely prominent at the time feminism began emerging. It was not until Kimberlà © Crenshaw introduced the term â€Å"intersectionality† in 1989 that feminism started to look at oppressed group’s needs (Nash, 2008, 2). Intersectionality is a way of thinking that acknowledges that when a person has identities that belong to more than one oppressed group, it impacts their quality of life more negatively. In this paperRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement1304 Words   |  6 Pagesthe rise of the feminist movement there have been many significant advances toward women gaining equality in all aspects of life. Media has a strong influence on society and it is continuously educating, informing and conditioning how humans behave and display themselves. With the media endorsing so many hyper sexualized images of men and women, it is very unlikely that these ideas would render no i mpact on our sense of identity. Feminism is a social principle and political movement mostly based onRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement1451 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Feminism? According to the English Dictionary, Feminism is a doctrine advocating social, political, and economic equality for all sexes. For the last 100 years men and women had fought tirelessly for equality of the sexes. The Women’s Liberation Movement, also known as the Feminist Movement made aggressive changes in the history of women oppression in society. This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh, she shall be called a women, so God created man in his own image. â€Å"Genesis 1:26-27

Cjs 210 Week 6 Checkpoint Free Essays

Reactive Patrol CJS/210 January 17, 2012 Michael Catanzarita Reactive Patrol As I read chapter seven â€Å"Patrol and Traffic â€Å", I learn that a reactive patrol is a form of random patrol. Random patrol is said to be incident driven, or reactive, in that officers are responding to crimes only after they occur, either through rapid response to calls for service or to a violation or call in progress. Due to officer constantly moving it makes responding to these 911 calls easier and faster to respond. We will write a custom essay sample on Cjs 210 Week 6 Checkpoint or any similar topic only for you Order Now The specific activities an officer engages in while on random patrol vary significantly across officers, times, locations, and departments, because much of the time spent on patrol is officer initiated (Grant Terry, 2008). I also learned about proactive patrol which is known as a Directed patrol. A direct patrol focuses more on targeted hot spots, crime problems, and/or offenders. Directed patrol addresses the problem-identification component of the problem solving process (Grant Terry, 2008). Sometimes a directed patrol can occur on an informal level; this may be when an officer regularly drives past hot spots during random wanderings or parking the squad car in a specific location when writing reports are examples of an informal level. If policing agencies adopted only one of these patrol styles it would be harder to have police discretion. The condition of officer’s reaction to certain responds would change. If there was only reactive patrol officers would never be able to try to stop crimes before they happen. It would be wonderful to be able to stop all crimes before they happen but in all actuality we know this is not possible and that is why we need reactive and proactive patrol to keep our streets safe. Reference Grant, H. B. , Terry, K. J. (2008). Law Enforcement. Patrol and Traffic, 7(Chapter 7), 171-172. How to cite Cjs 210 Week 6 Checkpoint, Papers

Dictator Idi Amin free essay sample

In his genocide of Uganda he killed about 300,000 people. Children included; this horrible â€Å"Ruler† caused lots of cruel and unusual punishment to his people. What else has he done wrong? Idi Amin is a fascist, fascism is a governmental system led by a dictator in complete rule. More about this cruel genocide; the people of Uganda have been the victim of serious violations of human rights and peace right from the time of its independence. In  Uganda, genocide  has been largely destructive and has gone on for years and years without proper measures. The regime of Idi Amin caused much violence and bloodshed. His policy was one of military domination and violence. During his time, many of the tribal people were oppressed, discriminated against, and cruelly treated. He would usually kill the parents in front of the children or vice versa. He would also use the children in war to walk across minefields. We will write a custom essay sample on Dictator Idi Amin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In my opinion this was the worst genocide. I also think he is the cruelest dictator after Hitler. What led up to this genocide? When he first became president he had a lot of beef with Obote. After tensions flare between the two, almost immediately executions began. Then after the executions war began, and the death count in Uganda has grew rapidly. He used children in war, and the parents were killed if they cross the line in any type of way. Now determined to make Uganda a black mans country, Amin expels the countrys 40,000-80,000  Indians  and  Pakistanis  in the closing months of the year, reportedly after receiving a message from God during a dream. He made Britain responsible for all Asians in Uganda. He just created a huge massacre. What’s going to happen next? I personally think there will never be another person like Idi Amin. Who knows what’ll happen next?

Suppression of Women in The Yellow Wallpaper Yello Essay Example For Students

Suppression of Women in The Yellow Wallpaper Yello Essay w Wallpaper essaysSuppression of Women in The Yellow Wallpaper The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, tells the story of a womans descent into madness as a result of the rest and ignore the problem cure that is frequently prescribed to cure hysteria and nervous conditions in women. More importantly, the story is about control and attacks the role of women in society. The narrator of the story is symbolic for all women in the late 1800s, a prisoner of a confining society. Women are expected to bear children, keep house and do only as they are told. Since men are privileged enough to have education, they hold jobs and make all the decisions. Thus, women are cast into the prison of acquiescence because they live in a world dominated by men. Since men suppress women, John, the narrators husband, is presumed to have control over the protagonist. Gilman, however, suggests otherwise. She implies that it is a combination of societys control as well as the womans personal weakness that contribute to the suppression of women. These two factors result in the womans inability to make her own decisions and voice opposition to men. We will write a custom essay on Suppression of Women in The Yellow Wallpaper Yello specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now John, the narrators husband, represents society at large. Like society, John controls and determines much of what his wife should or should not do, leaving his wife incapable of making her own decisions. Johns domineering nature can be accredited to the fact that John is male and also a physician of high standing (1). John is practical in the extreme. He has no patience with faith, an intense horror of superstition, and he scoffs openly at any talk of things not to be felt and seen and put down in figures (1). He is scientific, factual, logical and rational, everything that characterizes a sane person in society. He tells the protagonist that she is to take phosphates or phosphites whichever it is, and tonics, and journeys, and air, and exercise, and is absolutely forbidden to work until she is well again (1). However, the narrator thinks otherwise: Personally, I disagree with their ideas. Personally, I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change, would do me good. But what is one to do? (2) Clearly, the narrator thinks that a life void of any work or excitement will not be helpful or aid her on the road to recovery. The question she asks herself at the end of this paragraph, however, exemplifies her oppressed stature in society. She asks herself not once, not twice, but three times what someone in her position is to do: And what can one do? (1), What is one to do? (1), But what is one to do? (1). Repetition of these questions demonstrates that the narrator cannot do anything to change her life because her husband society controls what she can and cannot do. The narrators writing also falls under this category because writing is looked down upon in society as a profession for women. Because of societys oppressive nature, the narrator is unable to write in the presence of other people, especially John and Jennie, his sister, who are great products of society (a high standing physician and an enthusiastic housekeeper), since she believes that people see her writing as contributing to her illness. The narrator says, I verily believe Jenny thinks it is the writing which made me sick! (5). Even though the narrator finds relief in writing, she says, I must say what I feel and think in some way it is such a relief! (7), since writing is an improper occupation for women in societal standards, the narrator must not write publicly, but in secret. Furthermore, John also tries to control how and what his wife should think, exemplifying societys suppression of women. He tells his wife, .. .udc66cc8524b1589f25a8c345edfe932b , .udc66cc8524b1589f25a8c345edfe932b .postImageUrl , .udc66cc8524b1589f25a8c345edfe932b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udc66cc8524b1589f25a8c345edfe932b , .udc66cc8524b1589f25a8c345edfe932b:hover , .udc66cc8524b1589f25a8c345edfe932b:visited , .udc66cc8524b1589f25a8c345edfe932b:active { border:0!important; } .udc66cc8524b1589f25a8c345edfe932b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udc66cc8524b1589f25a8c345edfe932b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udc66cc8524b1589f25a8c345edfe932b:active , .udc66cc8524b1589f25a8c345edfe932b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udc66cc8524b1589f25a8c345edfe932b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udc66cc8524b1589f25a8c345edfe932b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udc66cc8524b1589f25a8c345edfe932b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udc66cc8524b1589f25a8c345edfe932b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udc66cc8524b1589f25a8c345edfe932b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udc66cc8524b1589f25a8c345edfe932b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udc66cc8524b1589f25a8c345edfe932b .udc66cc8524b1589f25a8c345edfe932b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udc66cc8524b1589f25a8c345edfe932b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: UP THE DOWN STAIRCASE Essay.you really are better, dear, whether you can see it or not. I am a doctor, dear, and I know. You are gaining flesh and color, your appetite is better (9). Again, he uses the fact that he is a doctor to insinuate his rightness and hint that the narrator must be wrong because she is not a doctor. The fact that she is a not a doctor, however, does not mean she does not know how she feels. The narrator says, I dont weigh a bit more, nor as much; and my appetite may be better in the evening when you are here, but it is worse in the morning when you are away! (9). The narrator tries to tell her husband otherwise but he simply does not listen. In another instance, the narrator tells John that there is something strange about the house (2) but he simply negates her intuition and tells her that what she felt was a draught, and shut the window (2). John does not listen deeply to what his wife says; he hardly ever really listens to her at all. The narrator says, I wish he would let me go and make a visit to Cousin Henry and Julia (7) but John says that she wasnt able to go, nor able to stand it after she got there (7). He is always making decisions for her based on his assumptions on what is best for her, and not what she really wants. To others, this may seem like John is showing care and affection, but even care and affection has its limitations. John frequently laughs at the narrator. She says, John laughs at me (1). Moreover, John constantly says, Bless her little heart! (9) and calls the narrator blessed little goose (4), demeaning names that belittle women and make women seem childlike to men. Although Johns protectiveness is of good intentions, he oppresses her by trying to control what his wife thinks and ignoring what she says. A personal weakness that contributes to the narrators suppression is her inability to communicate effectively and voice opposition. Most of the narrators suppression could be based on the fact that John truly does not listen to her all the time, but in the times when John is actually somewhat attentive, in the case where the narrator wants to go visit Cousin Henry and Julia, she fails miserably at getting her message across to John. She desperately wants to go, I tried to have a real earnest reasonable talk with him the other day (7), and she tries to carefully talk to John because she knows he does not truly listen to what she says and wants. Even then, she does not communicate to him effectively enough. She says, I did not make out a very good case for myself, for I was crying before I had finished (7). By crying, the narrator displays her weakness and gives evidence to Johns claims about her being weak and in need of his control. Who is to say that if she did communicate effectively, John would let her go visit Cousin Henry and Julia? But the chance of John allowing her to go completely vanishes based on her presentation of the proposal, especially when she breaks down and cries. Because of the narrators inability to communicate effectively and voice opposition when needed most, she furthers her own suppression. It is not until the last scene that the narrator finally gains control of her life and becomes her own decision maker by standing up to her husband and society. In describing the climax of the story, the narrator describes Johns frustrations and her calmness: It is no use, young man, you cant open it! How he does call and pound! Now hes crying for an axe. It would be a shame to break down that beautiful door! John dear! said I in the gentlest voice, the key is down by the front steps, under a plantain leaf! (15) It is in this scene where for the first time, John truly listens to her and it leads him to the key to the door. .u61265cd98fa460d372e596dcbbfc85e7 , .u61265cd98fa460d372e596dcbbfc85e7 .postImageUrl , .u61265cd98fa460d372e596dcbbfc85e7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u61265cd98fa460d372e596dcbbfc85e7 , .u61265cd98fa460d372e596dcbbfc85e7:hover , .u61265cd98fa460d372e596dcbbfc85e7:visited , .u61265cd98fa460d372e596dcbbfc85e7:active { border:0!important; } .u61265cd98fa460d372e596dcbbfc85e7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u61265cd98fa460d372e596dcbbfc85e7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u61265cd98fa460d372e596dcbbfc85e7:active , .u61265cd98fa460d372e596dcbbfc85e7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u61265cd98fa460d372e596dcbbfc85e7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u61265cd98fa460d372e596dcbbfc85e7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u61265cd98fa460d372e596dcbbfc85e7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u61265cd98fa460d372e596dcbbfc85e7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u61265cd98fa460d372e596dcbbfc85e7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u61265cd98fa460d372e596dcbbfc85e7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u61265cd98fa460d372e596dcbbfc85e7 .u61265cd98fa460d372e596dcbbfc85e7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u61265cd98fa460d372e596dcbbfc85e7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Congressional reconstruction- civil war Essay Perhaps it is the first time she effectively communicates with John and it shows she is finally getting through to him. But it is also in this scene where the narrator and John switch roles; the narrator has power now. After all, knowledge is power, and she is the only one who knows where the key is located. The narrator now becomes the more dominant figure in the relationship because while he is crying, she is speaking out in the gentlest voice. Her use of the description young man makes John seem very youthful and childlike, as if she was calling him a blessed little goose now. The narrator says, Ive got out at last in spite of you and Jane. And Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you cant put me back! (15). At last, she thinks for herself and has the mental strength to creep around as she pleases, without having to do what others expect her to do. She successfully communicates to John and voices opposition to be put back into the wallpaper. Finally, she gathers the strength to be strong and keep from breaking down and crying. Societal control over what a woman should or should not do and a womans own personal weakness contributes to the suppression of women by leaving the woman without any say in regards to her own personal interests. Often times a woman is incapable of effectively communicating to others what she wants. John faints in the end, after seeing his wife creeping along the floor. And amazingly, for a man who seems like he is such a protective figure, so masculine, so educated, it is very unmanly that he does such a womanly thing such as fainting when he sees his wifes transformation. It shows that he still does not understand her, if ever he had. Otherwise, he would not have been so shocked and alarmed to see her behaving that way. She has to keep creeping over John, even in the end, and it shows that a woman is not much different from a man, in the aspect of being a self-governing individual. People need to have control over their own lives and the ability to make their own decisions, even women. People cannot always make assumptions for what is best for others. We have learned this from John: John demonstrates that the best way to help someone is to have the patience to really listen and find out what that person truly wants, not simply making assumptions about what is right when its not in the others best personal interest. But until every woman is treated in this manner, she will be driven into her own world of insanity where she continues creeping over all who try to control her.

Democracy - Canadian essays

Democracy - Canadian essays What constitutes a democracy? Why is democracy thought of as such a great way to govern a country? In order to understand the true meaning and purpose of it, we have to look at the different factors in which democracy is run. In order to analyse the purpose of a government, I am going to first formulate my own understanding of a democracy. I think a democracy is a basic right for citizens of that particular country to express their personal opinions, vote freely on any issues, and make a decision based on the popular beliefs of the masses. Democracy is a form of organization and a way of dealing with issues that affect the citizens of the country. I believe that in order to have a country that functions and operates to the liking of the whole, a country cannot be a pure democratic society. There are contrary opinions of some key philosophers that argue against a democratic governance. Democracy has come a long way since man has existed. As you study history, you will find that many people have not been used to a society in which democracy has been the basis of ruling a country. Throughout recorded history, most people have been ruled by kings and other dictators. Democracy is not purely bad nor purely good but I think that democracy is sometimes overrated and people think of it as a saviour to the many problems that man has faced over the years. When we look at todays society, it consists of many different cultures, religion, and social class that divide us. A democracy states that all people are free to voice their opinion and that they are allowed to participate in the electing of a government. However, you have to look at the situation from all angles. First, you have the divisions in religion. A person is allowed to voice their opinion, but when you are involved in a certain religious group, you are very much constricted from making your own decision because if you do, that group will consider you as a t...

Microprocessors advancement generations Research Paper

Microprocessors advancement generations - Research Paper Example Microprocessors or processors are the core components of any information system contributing to the goals of an organization. The microprocessor or processor â€Å"interprets and carries out, or processes, instructions and data contained in the software† the microprocessor evolved from the creation of transistors in to integrated circuits. Moreover, the integration of these components is vast in this current age of information technology, where every now and then, computing devices are expanding their usage beyond imagination and finds a new product to take their place. Today, microprocessors are comprised of over millions of transistors that are integrated to a small chip that can be easily located on the fingertips (Betker, Fernando and Whalen 29). However, the factor that makes these microprocessors better from the other is the speed on which it operates. Microprocessor clock speed is measured in Mega Hertz (MHz), Giga Hertz (GHz) and TeraFLOPS. Microprocessors Advancement Generations The first general purpose microprocessor, composed on a single chip was launched in 1971. The microprocessor was capable to operate on an eight-bit architecture along with the implementation capacity of four bits. Moreover, the microprocessor includes 2300 transistors with a capability to perform less than 0.1 million instructions per second (MIPS). After the invention of the first general purpose microprocessor, 8008 right bit microprocessor was invented. The microprocessor was built on 3500 transistors as compared to the general-purpose microprocessor with 2300 transistors.... Moreover, a language was also introduced for operating the system named as assembly language. The processor was built on 29000 transistors along with features including memory protection and floating point co processor. Moreover, in 1981, IBM a company for manufacturing commuting devices launched the latest version of Intel’s 8086. The microprocessor was named as 8088. The second generation was triggered by a significant improvement in the architecture of microprocessors as Motorola launched the first 32-bit microprocessor named as Motorola 68000. The processor was equipped with general-purpose registers supporting less than 1 million instructions per second. Motorola 68000 was used with Apple Mac, Silicon graphics and Apollo systems. The third generation was started by the first commercial microprocessor named as MIPS2000 based on Reduced Instructions Set Computing (RISC). Moreover, the processor supported instructions and data cache simultaneously. As compared to the previou s processor supporting less than one MIPS, MIPS 2000 was capable of providing five to eight MIPS. The total transistors that were embedded on the processor were 125,000 thousand. The fourth generation of microprocessors was started by the introduction of 64-bit architecture. The processor supporting the 64-bit architecture was MIPS 4000. As compared to the third generation microprocessor i.e. MIPS 2000, MIPS 4000 capability was unmatched. Instead of installing the caches separately on the motherboard of the computer, it was integrated in the microprocessor. The features for integrated cache are on chip and off chip i.e. as a secondary cache. Moreover, floating point was also integrated on the chip. The microprocessor is

Lignin Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Lignin - Research Paper Example de Candolle. His explanation about lignin was that it is a fibrous material that does not have any taste, it cannot be dissolved in water or alcohol but is soluble in weak alkaline solutions, and in order extract it from the solution an acid could be added to it which would cause its precipitation. Lignin is among the most commonly found organic polymers, and only cellulose and hemicelluloses is ahead of it regarding abundance (Shi, Xiao, Deng, & Sun, 2013). Thus, lignin forms the majority of the natural resources that man has. 30% of non-fossil organic carbon is made up of lignin while making up almost one-fourth to third of the dry mass of wood. Every species contains a unique type of lignin, the difference lying in its composition. Since lignin is a biopolymer, it attains its uniqueness owing to its heterogeneity and because it does not really have a properly defined primary structure. The most important and common function of lignin is to strengthen wood in trees, which is made from xylem cells, by providing it with support. The natural state of lignin as present within a plant is known as protolignin (Kutscha & Gray, 1970). The classification of lignins depends on their structural elements. Softwoods, hardwoods and grasses contain different lignins and the reason behind the difference between the three is the different content of guaiacyl (G), syringyl (S) and p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units. Guaiacyl lignin is present in the majority of softwoods and is mainly a polymerization product of coniferyl alcohol. Hardwoods typically contain the guaiacyl-syrinngyl lignin which is a copolymer of coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols, the ration varying from 4:1 to 1:2 for the two monomeric units (Pereira, Portugal-Nunes, Evtuguin, Serafim, & Xavier, 2013). Another type is that of compression wood that is largely made up of phenylpropane units of the p-hydroxyphenyl type along with the usual guaiacyl units. At times the term syringyl lignin and p-hydroxyphenyl lignin