Renesancia Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

Renesancia Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers Renesancia - renaissance - ( fr.,nem.,ang .)- obnovenie, znovuzrodenie 1.etapa novoveku - homo - clovek, miera vsetkeho vznik vTaliansku 14.-16. storocie ostatne krajiny Europy 15.-16. storocie Slovensko do roku 1650 Charakteristicke znaky : vkult. aduch. vyvoji je subezna snabozenskou reformaciou nadvazuje na antiku ideal cloveka ako mysliaca tvoriva bytos moc cirkvi upada, do popredia sa dostava mestianstvo prevazne mestska kultura, suvisi srozvojom miest, kraovskych a kiezaci ch dvorov, mensie slachticke salony(hudba), vladcovia boli hudobnici, hraci, spevaci, skladatelia ( ang . Henrich V.,VIII., skotsky kra Jakub IV., cisar Karol V. ...) literatura: priklon knarodnym jazykom, svetska lyrika- laska hudba: ud. piesne: Limburska kronika (14.st.), Jan Silvan: kancional (spevnik- Pisne nove na sedm zalmu kajiciich ana jine zalmy) rozvoj obchodu, trhoveho hospodarstva, od samostatnych remesiel az kmanufakture nove znalosti zmatematiky, fyziky, zemepisu, astronomie Znaky : znovuzrodenie antiky, odmietanie principov spolocenskeho zriadenia, cirkevnej ideologie, vcentre zaujmu clovek naturalizmus senzualizmus individualizmus racionalizmus antropocentrizmus proporcionalita, krasa, harmonia, rovnovaha, zrozumitenos - G. Vasari (1511-1571) - autor zivotopisov najvy znamnejsich talianskych maliarov, socharov, architektov 1x pouzil tento termin (renesancia) - vsnahe charakterizova tendencie 2 prudy : 1) znovuzrodenie tradicnych hodnot antiky 2) naalej rozvoj stredovekych tradi ci i - osobnosti z literatury: Dante Aligieri (Bozska komedia), Francesco Petrarca , Giovanni Boccaccio , Francois Villon , Francois Rabelais ( taliansko ) Lope de Vega Miquel y Cervantes Saavedra ( spanielsko ), W.Shakespeare ( ang .) -astronomovia: Mikulas Kopernik , Kristof Kolumbus, Tycho de Brahe - Giordano Bruno (alchymista), Galileo Galilei (zakladate modernej exaktnej vedy) - Jan Gutenberg - objavil sposob tlacenia knih, 1. kniha: Biblia - Ottaviano dei Petruci - 1498 vynasiel novu tlac - Kaspar Tieffenbrucker vyhotovil prve husle (1530) Architektura: - na zaklade stylu tzv. neskorej gotiky- okolo r. 1400 najma vo Fr ., Tal ., Cechach, Nem ., Hol. - Taliansko: 1 ) Rana (1420-1500) 2) Vrcholna (1500-1550) 3) Neskora/manierizmus (1550/1580-1650) - cie manierizmu : tlmoci vnutorne pocity umelca- cit fantazia- prisposobuje sa cloveku - svetska stavba : palace, mestske domy, radnice, zamky, opevnenia, letne sidla, obytne domy, nemocnice, cechove domy, kniznice cirkevne - kostoly, chramy, baziliky.. -uplatuje sa princip zlateho rezu ( komponenty stavieb sa odvodzuju od proporcii udskeho tea ) Zlaty rez/podiel alebo bozsky rez je iracionalne cislo smnohymi zaujimavymi vlastnosami. Geometricke tvary odvodene od tohto cisla sa veuropskej kulture povazuju za esteticky vemi priazlive. Oznacuje sa pismenkom (delta) arovna sa priblizne 1.618034. -strohos, bez ozdob, cisto, klasicky -fasada : plosna, stena : miesto realizacie maliarskej vyzdoby - klenby, hladky aobly stp, obluk - v arkadach - pilastre ( polopiliere ), balustrady - okna : obdznikovy tvar -material: lomovy kame, mramor, tehla, drevo, kov, uhlie -rozvoj urbanizmu - architekti su uz znami(v stredoveku boli anonymni) Pamiatky : Louvre (Pariz), Versailles, zamky na Loire , Escorial , radnice - Antverpy, Augsburg Slovensko : rozvoj Mateja Korvina, Radnica vLevoci, Thurzov dom vBB, opevnenia- Komarno, Levice, NZ, radnica vBardejove, Levoci Cesko : letohradok kraovnej Anny vPrahe- Belveder , letohradok vPrahe- Hviezda, Scharzenbersky palac na Hradcanoch, zamky v Litomysli , Telci , Vekych Losinach , Nachode

Gnostic Jesus Essays - Coptic Literature, Christology, Gnosticism

Gnostic Jesus Essays - Coptic Literature, Christology, Gnosticism Gnostic Jesus Gnostic writings of Jesus portray him as a heavenly redeemer made less of flesh than of spirit. The emphasis of Jesus' importance is not on his physical humanness but rather, on his ability to show people the way to the kingdom. Jesus put on flesh in order to give people gnosis and reveal to them where they come from and where they will eventually return. When it is time for Jesus to return to his heavenly home, he is crucified and resurrected before he finally ascends. His body's lack of importance in some Gnostic texts gives this series of events a different connotation than other versions of the story more common today. The Gnostic understanding of Jesus gives us better knowledge of what will happen to us when we leave the body and world in which we are currently trapped. This understanding also gives us insights into the realm in which we belong. The lack of concern for the body is also connected with the Gnostic view that anything that happens on this earth or in this realm is i rrelevant. I will argue that the issue of flesh is very significant in some Gnostic views of Jesus, citing examples from selected Gnostic texts including, the Gospel of Thomas, the Second Treatise of the Great Seth, Hypostasis of the Archons, the Gospel of Mary, the Gospel of Truth, the Treatise on the Resurrection and the Hymn of the Pearl. Most Gnostic books show Christ to be of heavenly origin. The books either explicitly say that he is from the father and heaven above or imply it by saying that he descended into earth. He is part of the heavenly triad with the Father and the Mother(Franzmann, 39). In the Second Treatise of the Great Seth, the author who is supposedly Christ says, I am from above the heavens (Ehrman, 231). He is also sometimes described as a heavenly light, I am the light which is above all of them: I am All. The All came forth from me and the All reached me (G of Th., v.77). Many people, however, look at Christ's incarnation in different ways. According to some Gnostic thought Christ comes to our earth and puts on Jesus' human body so that he may walk among us. I visited a bodily dwelling (Ehrman, 231). Some of the Gnostic writings show Jesus as an earthly being with a heavenly nature, while others show Jesus as a purely heavenly being with a lack of earthly context. In the Second Treatise of the Great Seth, Christ's incarnation was into Jesus' body in which he cast out the original occupier (Franzmann, 75). Christ's arrival on earth in the Gospel of Thomas is described in a docetistic way, I stood in the midst of the world, and I appeared to them in flesh (G. of Th, v.28). He is said to appear to them in flesh only in outward appearance (Franzmann, 78). The Gospel of Truth describes Jesus as a fruit of knowledge that when eaten gives people gnosis (Ehrman, 161). This Gnostic text shows Christ as a revealer. He is referred to as the book or logos, which reveals to us all that is unknown (Ehrman, 162). He put on the book, was nailed to a tree and published the edict of the father on the cross (Ehrman, 162). These actions say that by dying on the cross, which in this text is not in flesh, he is helping people receive gnosis. Many Gnostic views have implied a hatred of the body. The body is what is keeping people from realizing their origin (G. of Thomas, v.29). For Christ to have a human body seems strange because he has gnosis. Woe to the flesh which depends on the soul; woe to the soul which depends on the flesh (G of Th, v.112). According to the Hypostasis of the Archons, the body is just a shell for the spirit. Locked within the material shell of the human race is the spark of this highest spiritual reality which (as one Gnostic theory held) the inept creator accidentally infused into humanity at the creation on the order of a drunken jeweler who accidentally mixes gold

Idiots, Imbeciles, and Morons

Idiots, Imbeciles, and Morons Idiots, Imbeciles, and Morons Idiots, Imbeciles, and Morons By Maeve Maddox In a recent state election Arkansas voters were asked to alter the following constitutional phrasing: No idiot or insane person shall be entitled to the privileges of an elector. Legislators objected that the language was archaic and disrespectful. (Not to mention the fact that the law has never prevented idiots from voting.) As the current Arkansas state constitution dates from 1874, I decided to find out what the drafters meant by the word idiot. Idiot derives from a Latin word that referred to an ignorant, uneducated person. The word came into English from an Old French word with the same meaning. By 1300 idiot had acquired the meaning of a person so mentally deficient as to be incapable of ordinary reasoning. For a time, idiot was used by doctors to refer to a specific degree of mental retardation: A person of profound mental retardation having a mental age below three years and generally being unable to learn connected speech or guard against common dangers. The term came to be regarded as offensive and is no longer used as a medical classification. Two other words once used alongside idiot as medical classifications are imbecile and moron. Imbecile derives from a Latin adjective having the sense of weak and entered English from an Old French word with the same meaning. For a time it was used to refer to physical weakness. For example an imbecile person might be someone unable to walk without crutches. The first recorded use of imbecile as a noun is 1802. Its medical definition was A person of moderate to severe mental retardation having a mental age of from three to seven years and generally being capable of some degree of communication and performance of simple tasks under supervision. Moron comes from a Greek word meaning stupid. Its meaning in the now disused system of medical classification was: a feebleminded person or mental defective with a potential mental age of between eight and twelve years who is capable of doing routine work under supervision In current English usage all three words are perceived as insults. Apparently idiot is the least offensive of the three since a publishing empire employs the word in its titles with great success. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?List of 50 Great Word Games for Kids and AdultsEmpathic or Empathetic?

Models of Stress Theory and how they apply to First Responder Research Paper

Models of Stress Theory and how they apply to First Responder - Research Paper Example The present paper discusses the similarities and differences between the demand control support and effort-reward imbalance models of stress together with application of these models to first responders. Key words in this paper will include demand, control, effort, reward, and first responders. The two models have a correlation so that the direction of change caused by either increase or decrease of demands, control, and support corresponds to the direction of change caused by either the increase or decrease of efforts and rewards. Therefore, whereas high demands, involving situations that allow high control facilitated by high social support leads to diminished stressful experience, high efforts that are compensated by high rewards lead to diminished susceptibility to stressful experience. Demand control support model has control as a measure of countering the demands of a task and effort reward imbalance claims that control is an intrinsic personal motivation. Both models argue that an imbalance in their proposed concepts leads to exhaustion and emotional distress (Veldhoven et. al., 2005). Demand control support model is an interactional model while Effort Reward Imbalance Model is a transactional model. As an interactional model, demand control support model emphasizes the structural traits of an individual’s interactions with his or her environment. On the other hand, transactional models of stress focus on the factors underlying an individual’s response to a stressful situation. These underlying factors include locus of control, personality, appraisal, and coping. The Demand Control Support Model does not factor in the role of individual differences but effort reward imbalance emphasizes the importance of individual differences (Chmiel, 2009). This model emphasizes demands and control as the two psychosocial job characteristics that are important. Borrowing from this model, the job control of first responders has to do with the decision

Aristotle and Kant on Ethical Theory and Practice Essay

Aristotle and Kant on Ethical Theory and Practice - Essay Example On the other hand, relativists believe that ethics is a human invention and that â€Å"all ethical standards are relative† hence there are â€Å"no permanent, universal, objective values or standards† (Mizzoni 11, 191). LeBar asserts that individual people create own moral standards and that these standards change from society to society throughout time and the world (185). This is what is often referred as cultural relativism. Kant is strong objectivists as he emphasises that ethical duties are absolute and categorical while Aristotle insists that human beings are rational and moral virtue is developed through habit. He is thus a relativist. I would argue in favour of Aristotle that ethical standards vary with contexts, individuals and societies. Consider such practices as polygamy, homosexuality, and female genital mutilation. Are these practices right or wrong? If we look at polygamy it is a norm in some communities especially African communities but not acceptable in western communities. Some individuals view homosexuality as right while others consider it wrong depending on their religious inclinations and personal values. For genital mutilation, it was often practiced by early communities but in modern communities it is considered wrong even though some communities still practice it. How are these actions to be judged? By which ethical standards? If we argue that ethical standards are universal and applicable to all regardless of their opinion or beliefs then it would mean all these practices are wrong but this is not the case; they are right in some societies and wrong in others. This supports Aristotle’s view that moral virtue is developed by habits (Moral Philosophy n.p). In this case, good habits form the bui lding blocks of good moral character and that man has power to control his own actions since he is rational. They then reflect on these actions and perfect them if they are good but in the process, they must have a good role model

PRODUCING SELF-COMPACTING USING WASTE MATERIALS Literature review

PRODUCING SELF-COMPACTING USING WASTE MATERIALS - Literature review Example Self-compacting concrete are considered as â€Å"the most revolutionary development in concrete construction for several decades† (EFNARC). The idea of SCC originated in Japan and has been adapted to other nations such as Europe. The development of SCC is an economic approach to offset the increasing lack of skill labour. It contributes to the economy such that it offers faster construction, easier placing, reduction of manpower on site, offers flexibility in design, improved durability, better surface finishes, thinner concrete sections and safer working environment. SCC is a practical application for the construction site work and the precast concrete works. The test for the self-compactability of the SCC measures its quality. The contributory factors include, the influence of coarse aggregate depending on spacing size, the role of mortar as the fluid in flowability of the fresh concrete, the role of mortar as the solid particles, and the influence of the coarse aggregate regarding the shape, grading and content. The employment of SCC is beneficial to construction because it eliminates the vibration noise as well it is cost-efficient for the cost of vibration compaction. The wide use of the SCC is an innovation in the concrete construction technology such that the SCC are reliable, durable concrete structures with minimum maintenance requirement (Okamura, and Ouchi, 2003). The development of SCC as a solution to the labour scarcity offered benefits to the structural concrete industry as it develops higher quality concrete with optimum workability and overcomes problems related to dust and noise. The workability property of the SCC is achieved primarily due to the high content of fine aggregates and the chemical mixtures. Various relevant studies are now introduced into the construction industry promoting the use of recycled materials for applications of SCC. This innovation is practically new, where standards of SCC with made up of recycled materials

How can HR management systems and practices in Malaysia businesses be Essay

How can HR management systems and practices in Malaysia businesses be re-designed using KM and OL principles to increase innovat - Essay Example The various HRM practices would give an insight into the functionality of the Malaysian organizations and on the various procedures of conducting operations like training, selection, staffing and recruitment (Barnes 2002, 220-320). Finally, the study will highlight how the inclusion of OL and KM principles would lead to the betterment of the functionality of the organizations. Human Resources Management Practices in Malaysia In Malaysian organizations, the focus is on the integration of HR activities and practices which requires the alignment of the existing personal HR practices with the interests of the employee and personnel (Gelder 2005, 322). The strategic importance and emphasis is given on the integration of activities in the electronic industry of Malaysia. This strategic integration is an important element as it helps in solving the complexities of the problems and also, in assessing the interpretation of the problems (Gill 2000, 23). The HR strategy formulation is also give n its much deserved importance in Malaysian organizations which lay emphasis on the development and implementation of internal consistent polices and practices designed for the accomplishment of objectives (Hashim 2009, 224). The HRM practices in the human resource development process helps in the organizational innovation process. Malaysian organizations concentrate on the importance of the HR business and organizational strategy and also, on the protection of assets. However, it has been observed that the Malaysian organization does not believe in the job rotation facilities and hammers on imparting the operation knowledge (Haslinda and Sarinah 2013, 324). The Malaysian organizations are highly dependent on technological innovations and procedures which need to be re-designed constructively for enhancing the organizational outcome and also, for improving the existing systems. Figure 1: Human Resources in Malaysia (Source: Curtin University of Technology 2005). Redesigning of HR Pr actices using the Knowledge & Organizational Learning Principles Knowledge Management (KM) principles help in the improvement of the existing systems by employing own attributes (Institutional Repository 2006).There are several methods to implement the change management techniques for continuous improvement in the existing systems (Laiken 2001, 23). This is because the KM principles vary according to the situation and help in the improvement of the operational abilities of the organization (Infed 2013). The process is not iterative and relies heavily on the management systems. It aids the amalgamation of the engineering process and systems and also, the analysis of the organizational dynamics (Lee and Ahn 2001, 213). The structuring of organizational dynamics would be required for the integration of activities and systems which would address all the organizational issues and problems. The model is used to hone the skills of the employees, redesign the organizational structure and al so, gain expertise through the exchange of knowledge systems with their colleagues. The Malaysian organization needs to emphasize on their functioning in three important facets of the organization. They are namely, virtual work team, community of practice (COP) and expertise network systems. These three elements stress on the creation and